Rapscallion Magazine Book Review: The Inseparables, by Simone de Beauvoir

Book Review: The Inseparables, by Simone de Beauvoir

Do you believe in God? The question is one of the themes of Simone de Beauvoir’s novella The Inseparables, as its two main characters wrestle with this question in their strict Roman Catholic families in early 20^th century France.

Sylvie makes friends with the waif like but intelligent and mature Andrée at school. The story follows their friendship through school and college as they grow into mature young women as their conversations turn to love and marriage. Stifling parental control, self-harm, youthful rebelliousness, the overbearing influence of the church and its priests, sexism and what is expected of young women and a window into the everyday life in both rural France and in Paris all feature in the novella.

The God question though is where the two girls part ways with Sylvie preferring to think for herself and to expand her horizons and Andrée choosing to remain devout and obedient despite continuing to question her faith and parents and wishing to stay home with Pascal rather than attend university in England. The discussions the two girls have about God, religion and faith echo those I had when attending a convent school from the ages of 5 to 10, where the Catholic faith took the form of an indoctrination. The numerous prayers and sermons, the Friday morning church service – in which as a non-Catholic I had to sit at the back – and the nuns who were also the teachers who drummed into us the doctrines of the Catholic Church. Stella Maris Convent School in Seaton was a private school – and I only attended free as my mother was a PE teacher for the upper school. When the job ended, I was moved to the state primary school up the road which was so much better.

At home and out of school I could escape the constant propaganda – but not Andrée whose mother never lets up with trying to control her mind and behaviour. It seems that the main religious disciplinarian are not the priests but Madame Gallard who kept Andrée busy in order to prevent her from experiencing any unwanted influences. Written in the first person the novel is a semi-autobiographical account of Simone de Beauvoir’s friendship with Elisabeth Lacoin, better known as Zaza and as such considering how the two stories mirror each other feels more real and also more poignant.

When they first meet there is the stunning opening line from Andrée: “I’m nine. If I look younger, it’s because I got burned alive and didn’t grow much after that.” And despite missing a year of schooling Andrée very quickly moves to the top of the class with the help of Sylvie as they become friends. Or do they? As Andrée seems unaware for a long time that Sylvie loves her since she is so wrapped up in her own life.

And Sylvie’s faith is shaken when Abbé Dominique takes her confession and says, “I have been told that my little Sylvie is not the same girl she was… she has become distracted, disobedient and insolent.’ Following that when a man exposes himself to her, she becomes even more disillusioned with the church and God.

My own disillusionment with the idea of a supernatural all-powerful God began when I visited Cheddar Caves as a child and saw the skeleton of a Neanderthal man who had no chance of becoming a Christian and concluded with my first biology lesson at senior school which was on Darwin and evolution. School was a constant purveyor of the Christian faith but by our teenage years it was generally dismissed by all of my friends. My parents were split as my Church going mother said we must believe ‘like a child’ which to me was very was unconvincing, while my father saw religion as ‘a lot of old rope.’ Now, I have no faith in any religion, but I do have a certain affection for Christian music, churches, biblical texts, buildings and services – and in particular some of the social codes of Christianity such as the Good Samaritan. Like Sylvie in this coming-of-age story, my faith was chipped away, until it evaporated.

Harry Mottram

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Book Review: Francois Sagan’s Bonjour Tritesse (Hello Sadness) and Un certain sourire (A Certain Smile), Penguin edition.

By Harry Mottram: She pulled up sharply in her Citroen with squeal of tyres and a surly look on her face. Clive James opened the car door and greeted the grumpy driver Francois Sagan. In a moment they were off racing erratically through the streets of Paris as Clive attempted to interview the former novelist. He looked disappointed with the ill tempered middle aged woman whose fame had been based on her ability to pen passionate stories of love and lust in 1950s France. Such are the cruelties of age. It was one of Clive James’ BBC documentaries in his Post Card from series with one of the first screened in 1989 from Paris shown on BBC i-player as well. He quizzed her on her driving and car accidents and there was a comical moment where she appeared to clip another motorist. Her novel Bonjour Tristesse was mentioned and her subsequent fame due to becoming a highly successful author at just 18 years of age when Bonjour Tristesse was published in 1954. The story of a spoilt girl who is jealous of her father’s girlfriends while on a holiday in the South of France was to be followed by a string of novels, screenplays, songs, short stories, autobiographies, plays, films and even a ballet right up until six years before her death in 2004 aged 69. That glimpse of the Gallic literary genius (and it has to be said bad girl of Paris with her fast and dangerous driving, tax fraud case, cocaine and drug addiction and serious car crash which left her in a coma) did awaken me to her work and in particular Bonjour Tristesse which in the Penguin edition includes the novella Un certain sourire.

Review of Francois Sagan’s Bonjour Tritesse (Hello Sadness)

Sun, sex and selfish Cécile. Or it could read sun, sex and regrets. Francois Sagan’s Bonjour Tritesse was a smash hit when it was published in 1958 in France and a year later in the UK – despite some picky bits of sensorship for the no sex please we’re British readership. Why is the question – well there’s two reasons. Firstly in post war France it was one of the first teenage novels that took feelings, passion and sex seriously which was so refreshing in the Catholic nation still recovering from four years of Nazi occupation. And the second reason is its gripping narrative, brevity and the candid nature of the narrator.

Cécile, 17, has daddy complex. Her mother died when she was two and her father is her idol and friend. He’s a player with girl friends, a shallow but full-on social life and laid back attitude to education meaning Cécile doesn’t have to complete her studies and can bum around all summer at their holiday home in the south of France. It may be an easy upbringing in one sense but she is not keen on her dad’s girl friends – in particular Elsa – his latest squeeze who is ‘very sweet, rather dim, and quite unpretentious.’ When they arrive at the place by the sea set back amongst a pine forest Elsa was not the golden skinned mistress but peeled and went red in the sun while Cécile soaked up the sun spending time in the sea and hitting it off with Cyril who was on vacation near by. If the arrival of Elsa was bad enough then hock horror Anne turned up on Raymond (Cécile’s dad) invitation and quickly took over proceedings by ordering Cécile to study and finish with Cyril.

There is something compulsive about novels written in the first person as we only see the world through their eyes and thoughts and in Cécile we see how immature, selfish and manipulative she can be. In Vladimir Nabokov’s 1955 novel Lolita we know that Humbert is evil as he plots to have sex with Dolores but somehow due to the way it is written we follow his every move because he reasons everything he does as justification for its core immorality. And in Cécile we fall into the same trap in trusting the unreliable narrator as in JD Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye and Amy Dunne in Gone Girl by Gillian Flynn.

Cécile is clever as she manipulates a situation involving the side-lined Elsa and her boyfriend Cyril (now through her they are briefly an item) as well as her father who she manages get back with Elsa in order to shock and frighten off Anne. She doesn’t explicitly tell these couples to have sex but without any words ensures they briefly hit it off in a way that Anne will know. And it works as the fall-out is dramatic, tragic and shocking. Her justification, her planning and the way she explains it to herself to ensure she is free of blame is so true – as we have all done things we regret but manage by going through events in our mind convince ourselves we are innocent.

Book Review: Francois Sagan’s Un certain sourire (A Certain Smile), Penguin edition.

In her second novel written in 1955, Francois Sagan’s Un certain sourire the unreliable narrator Dominique is student who is in love with an older man Luc. She befriends Luc and his wife Françoise  and has an affair with him ensuring Françoise is left in the dark through lies and deceit. Dominique like Cécile is obsessive about making sure the various relationships in her life are manipulated to her advantage. She has a boyfriend in Bertand who she cheats on but justifies her two timing with Luc and his betrayal of Françoise. Like Cécile in Bonjour Tritesse the narrator is in love with a father figure who she wants to herself while also having affairs.

There is one big difference in Cécile is not in physical love with her dad – she just wants him for herself – but in Un certain sourire Dominique is in love with Luc and does everything she can to win him over. It’s just he’s not in love with her which leaves her twisting and turning in mental torment throughout the story. Her internal reasoning and her attempts to manipulate everyone is its strength but without the drama of the slow burning plot and shocking climax of in Bonjour Tritesse although a good read it lacks the page turning compulsion of Sagan’s first novel.

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Rapscallion Magazine Book Review: Northanger Abbey, by Jane Austen

Part Gothic send-up, part coming of age bildungsroman novel and part romance, Jane Austen’s account of Catherine Moreland’s faulting social steps is enjoyable in her excruciating naivety. If we all look back at our early and middle teens there will be plenty of things we did which we regret and now feel extremely embarrassed about. Catherine Moreland may not have thrown up all over the Allens’ sofa after knocking back a half bottle of vodka or got into a fight with a policeman over parking her sedan chair in a disabled bay, but she is splendidly unprepared for what is to befall her due to her head being full of gothic fantasies.

The sequence with the boastful John Thorpe in Bath, her introduction to the crammed Assembly Rooms where sharp elbows are needed just to find a seat and her hesitant steps with her introduction to Henry Tilney give such a vivid account of life in the city in the turn of the 18^th and 19^th centuries to make it essential reading for Bathonians interested in that era.

I confess I began the novel some time ago and put it aside before revisiting it many months later which in a way reflected how the story was written by Jane Austen. According to her sister Casandra she began the novel in 1794 or earlier and completed it in 1789 which might account for the way the narrative falls into two sections. First Catherine, who is described as being ‘almost pretty’ at the age of 15 and by 17 she ‘was in training to be a heroine’ having read all the books about heroines so as to be prepared for this fantasy. In Bath however the bubble of romance is pricked by the harsh realities of trying to catch the eye of a handsome hero or even to have a conversation with the social climbers at the Assembly Rooms as she enters with Mrs Allen. She meets the fickle Isobella who raves about the latest Gothic novel – the Mysteries of Udolpho – and innocent Catherine is quickly dominated by her over confident new friend and  ingénue who (no spoilers) is later a great disappointment.

Invited to stay at her newfound other and more reliable friends Eleanor and Henry Tilneys at Northanger Abbey for a few weeks we enter part two of the novel. And although Catherine’s character remains wonderfully susceptible to Henry’s teasing and her own wild imagination there is a slightly darker tone as she becomes convinced Mrs Tilney was done away with by General Tilney in one of the Abbey’s many secret rooms. Her imagination of this scary theory is in marked contrast with the social suicide of and social ambitions of those around her which are far more brutal. There’s the all-round rotter John Thorpe’s meddling, Isobella’s ruthless manoeuvring to find a rich husband and General Tilney’s obsession with status and money.

Amusing, insightful and full of the realities of everyday life. The final pages seem to be something of a rush as Jane Austen ties up the various strands and manages to find a happy resolution for Catherine as her Gothic imaginations are exorcised in this coming-of-age story where finally she… comes of age.

Harry Mottram

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Rapscallion Magazine Book Reviews: Escaping the Spanish Civil War

By Harry Mottram: It only feels now some 85 years later that Spain is finally coming to terms with the civil war of 1936-1939 and in particular its ghastly aftermath.
Franco’s Nationalist fascist anti-democratic forces eventually outgunned the divided Republican army with help from Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.
What followed was a further horror show with thousands of Republican troops and sympathisers murdered, imprisoned of set to work in concentration camps. There was to be no reconciliation until the 1970s when eventually Franco died and his successor King Carlos ushered in democracy.
One only has to look at other European nations that have been racked by civil war to see how difficult it is to secure a lasting peace and to bring the warring factions together with Greece in 1945 as a classic example. The break up of Yugoslavia in the 1990s may have created new states but they are still a loaded and primed AK47 away from firing at each other today. And in Armenia, Georgia and Ukraine the military might of Russian refuses to allow those countries to fully resolve long lasting inner conflicts. So it is no surprise that in Spain the divisions have continued through the generations.
In Winter in Madrid by CJ Sansom, the Spanish Civil War has ended but the Second World War has begun and the British Government are concerned Franco’s newly established regime will side with the triumphant powers of Germany and Italy. Afterall Britain is alone in a fight against the Axis powers.
Post civil war Spain is seen through the eyes of injured British soldier Harry Brett who is sent to Madrid to work as a spy and to find out if the Spaniards are about to strike it rich with a gold mine.
We travel the war damaged streets of the capital, enter unheated and semi-derelict apartments and feel the damp chill of Madrid in winter – but also the misery of a damaged and divided country.
Winter in Madrid is essentially the relationships of three former public school boys caught up in the conflict. Harry is on a mission to check out the collaborationist Sandy, while Communist fighter and now prisoner Bernie Piper hopes for freedom – which eventually comes in the form of his girlfriend Barbara who is living unhappily with moneybags Sandy.
It seemed a different story towards the final third of the novel as the action builds to what we assume will be Bernie’s great escape, but a pantomime villain in the form of a Spanish general, Barbara’s nemesis Sandy and Harry’s girlfriend Sofia all meeting their fates one dark night in a Spanish village pushed reality into a melodrama. The epilogue sees Harry, Bernie and Barbara back in Blitey after the war leading rather unsatisfactory lives – rather like the ending of the novel which had set out with so much promise.
Although an autobiographical account of his experience in the Spanish Civil War George Orwell’s Homage to Catalonia reads like a thriller as he recounts his time as a volunteer in the International Brigade.
Some of the most enthralling pages are his description of trying to stay ahead of the Communist authorities of the United Socialist Party of Catalonia controlled by Russia as they round up and kill members of The Workers’ Party of Marxist Unification (POUM) who opposed Stalinist communism.
As a member of the UK’s Independent Labour Party Orwell was involved in the street fighting in Barcelona with POUM and only narrowly escaped to France with his wife Eileen – who in reality managed to get them both out of the country as the Republican cause imploded.
In Wifedom: Mrs Orwell’s Invisible Life by Anna Funder published this year we learn about how Eileen was instrumental in supporting Orwell in Spain and typing up his manuscript and caring for him when he was wounded.
We get another account of the war in Spain in Ernest Hemingway’s For Whom The Bell Tolls which I read some years ago with the book club and so had a quick refresh of the novel to see any parallels.
The story focuses on American Robert Jordan who as part of a Republican guerilla unit is ordered to blow up a bridge to slow the Nationalists. It vividly depicts the brutality of the war and the ruthless nature of the rebels who are willing to oust and kill rival members of the Republicans in a desperate bid to inflict carnage on the victorious forces of Franco. In that respect it echoes some aspects of the other books but is constructed and narrated more effectively than Sansom’s novel with a first hand feel since the author was a reporter in Spain at the time. Orwell’s first person account is the most vivid.

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Right Ho, Jeeves. By PG Wodehouse. Review.

mistaken identity and Betram Wooster’s cock-eyed attempts at match making. With white mess jackets, newts, God’s daisy chain, hangover cures and the splendidly named list of characters handily introduced on page one the bumbling 1934 comic novel is a delight.

They is cousin Angela Travers who has an on off engagement with Tuppy Glossop; Gussie Fink-Nottle whose love of newts restricts his romantic liaisons with Madeline Bassett; Aunt Dahlia of Brinkley Court, her husband Tom and her chef the temperamental Anatole. At the heart of the novel is the battle of wits between Bertie Wooster and Jeeves as they both in their own opposite ways attempt to aid Cupid’s arrow shooting to its romantic heart.

Using a rich usage of imagery from booze to horse racing, and newly created words and phrases like ‘oom beroofen’ and ‘Gawd-help-us-ness’ the story told in the first person allows the reader to inhabit the mindset of protagonist Bertie whose muddle thoughts set up the plot with its continual failures as he tries to create romantic harmony. His inspirational thinking often occurs off the cuff or after a snifter – and of course the ideas aren’t thought through which makes the consequences so enjoyable. There’s his dictate not to eat Anatole’s legendary food to Aunt Dahlia so as to gain Tom’s attentions and to Tuppy to win over Angela – which of course backfire with Anatole handing in his notice in disgust.

There’s a wonderful exchange of telegrams – Edwardian England’s equivalent to emails – between Aunt Dahlia and Bertie – in which he fails to register the urgency of her message ‘Come at once, Travers’ which she follows up when he replies ‘Perplexed. Explain. Bertie,’ with ‘What on earth is there to be perplexed about, ass? Come at once. Travers.’

And there’s the brilliant misunderstanding between Bertie and Madeline when his attempts to find out about her true feelings ends with him accidently proposing marriage. And my favourite scene when he gets teetotal Gussie drunk ahead of a school speech day in which Gusssie is to give out the prizes to the boys of Market Snodsbury Grammar School. It’s high comedy as first Gussie clashes with the first speaker and after a rambling speech concludes with the lines, “As Shakespeare says, there are sermons in books, stones in the running brooks, or, rather, the other way about, and there you have it in a nutshell.”

Escapism perhaps, an Edwardian England devoid of reality outside the world of the idle rich probably, a send up of the class system as a communist text possibly, but essentially a timeless comedy written with warmth and a completeness of style rarely achieved. And I haven’t even mentioned the midnight cycle ride. Pip, pip. Tip top.

Harry Mottram

Notes

Two years before the publication of Right Ho, Jeeves, another comic novel was published which has never been out of print since. Cold Comfort Farm, by Stella Gibbons, has been a favourite for successive generations as it follows the life of orphan Flora Poste when she goes to live with some odd ball folk on Cold Comfort Farm. The phrase there’s ‘something nasty in the woodshed,’ became engraved into popular culture.

Scoop, by Evelyn Waugh, published in 1938, is another comic novel of the era as it sends naive William Boot by mistake off to a war zone in Abyssinia. But Waugh’s earlier novel, Vile Bodies, lampoons in a satire the ‘bright young things’ or rather the ‘dumb young rich things’ of Bertie Wooster’s generation.

Rapscallion Magazine is an online publication edited by Harry Mottram

Harry is a freelance journalist. Follow him on Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube etc

Email:harryfmottram@gmail.com
Website:www.harrymottram.co.uk

Mobile: 07789 864769

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Book Review. Emil and the Detectives by Erich Kastner
There’s an element of what could have been in Erich Kastner’s 1929 novel Emil and the Detectives set in Berlin.
Germany’s capital city is busy, noisy and modern with its trams, motorcars and shops. A city at peace and at odds at how we are supposed to see between the wars Berlin.
It’s a city where hyper inflation, violent Nazis, injured soldiers, communist agitators and nationalism don’t exist. Instead it is a city of business, of hotels, policemen and children playing in the street.
If only Germany had not descended into the madness of Hitler’s ideology – how Europe might have been.
Emil represents all that is good in humanity. Honest, loyal, respectful and positive as well has keen to help his mother and catch the thief who has stolen his cash.
And he is helped by dozens of children who want to help and see trying to catch a thief as the best sort of adventures where adults are less important then them as they take charge and organise the trapping of the robber.

Kastner opposed the Nazis and remained in Germany throughout the war and despite being condemned by the regime as undesirable he survived the horrors by keeping his head down.
Incredibly he witnessed his own books being burnt by the Nazis although Emil and the Detectives was not banned mainly due to its popularity.
Harry Mottram

The novel has been made into a film at least twice and was published in English by Puffin Books.

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Review: Half of a Yellow Sun, by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

Rapscallion Magazine Book Review: an epic story set during the Biafran war of independence where truth is fiction and fiction is truth in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s novel Half of a Yellow Sun

Those of a certain age will recall the Biafran war of independence in the 1960s when images of starving children filled the pages of newspapers and Sunday colour supplements. It was a horrific war in West Africa’s Nigeria when hundreds of thousands died not from bullets or missiles but starved to death as the Nigerian army slowly strangled the fledgling state to surrender. The sickening starvation witnessed by Olanna in a camp where children were ‘naked, their taut globes that were their bellies,’ and where a dead mother with her baby clinging to her is dragged away by her hands and ankles may be fiction but it is also true as the media in the late 60s covered the horrors of starvation.

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s depiction of the media in the form of overweight American journalists in her novel Half of a Yellow Sun depict the only representatives of the fourth estate as shallow racist bigots who are interested in peripheral stories such as the death of one white man rather than the tragedy of war. It was the one point in the novel where the truth was partly fictionalised as there was extensive and empathetic coverage by the international media at the time with numerous eye witness accounts from Biafra – especially by European reporters.

That grouch aside Half of a Yellow Sun is an epic story of several characters who represent different aspects of those caught up in the war. Ugwu is the young servant who matures into a responsible adult and is the backbone of the narrative. Olanna and Kainene represent different sides of twin sisters – social minded Olanna the lover of Biafran Odenigbo a Professor of Mathematics – and business minded Kainene the lover of Richard Churchill an Englishman trying to find himself in Africa. All are decent people who are all affected in different ways by the war with none escaping completely the horrors.

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie successfully blends her fiction with fact giving a vivid account of the war through the lives of the characters. Much of the time the war is in the background and creeps up on the protagonists while they are distracted by their private lives. But it all starts before the war when only hints of what is to come are slipped into their lives – but as war approaches Richard muses, “it was as if the people of this city with the tall whistling pins wanted to grab all they could before the war robbed them of choices.”

A striking aspect is the way the privileged lives of Olanna and Odenigbo and their social circle in the opening chapters are descripted. Swimming pools, tennis clubs and drinks at the club – so in contrast to the lives of their servants like Ugwu and his circle that included his ailing mother and various relatives. Olanna is concerned about class and social status and worries about moving house that: “She hoped Professor Achara had found them accommodation close to other university people so that Baby would have the right kind of children to play with.” Such a divide between rich and poor from the jet setting academics and Government officials to the lives of most Nigerians – the Igbo, Hausa-Fulani or Yoruba who are encouraged to set upon each other by cynical politicians and members of the military – is stark.

Essentially much of Nigeria (especially in the north) is dominated by the ethic Hausa, Fulani and Yoruba who largely are Muslims and have different traditions and languages to the Igbos who live mainly in the south and east of the country and by tradition are largely Christian. It’s a story of ethnic cleansing and genocide prompted by vested interests’ ambitious groups in the army and political groups after power and wealth. And also once the war starts by the likes of the former colonial masters of the British Government, but also America, Russia and petrochemical firms who sided with Nigeria fearing the loss of the oil rich lands of the south to the Biafrans.

It is a very readable and gripping novel and down to earth with its descriptions of the characters’ inner thoughts, their sex lives, their habits and what food they like. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie also gives much insight into the languages of the country and how inflections, accents and status allow people to judge others – a bit like we do in England.

Half of a Yellow Sun flips back and forth in time to give a sense of the impending doom and to illustrate the post-colonial world where the inheritors of Nigeria seemingly mimic their former British rulers’ lifestyles. From the news of the first miliary coup led by Igbo army officers in 1967 to the army uniforms complete with the Biafran symbol of half a yellow sun on their tunics to the bedraggled and dirty conscripts as the Nigerian forces close in it’s a story well told and essential reading for anyone wishing to understand the country post colonialism in general.

One reviewer spoke of a long-forgotten war – but Biafra hasn’t gone away – Biafra continues to lobby for independence to this day.

Harry Mottram

Half of a Yellow Sun was adapted into a film in 2013 directed by Biyi Bandele as an Anglo Nigeria production.

Half of a Yellow Sun was chosen by the Four Seasons Axbridge Book Club to discuss on February 27, 2023.

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie gave the first of four 2022 Reith Lectures on freedom, looking at what freedom of speech means for the BBC in 2022. See https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m001fmtz

Rapscallion Magazine is an online publication edited by Harry Mottram

Harry is a freelance journalist. Follow him on Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube etc

Email:harryfmottram@gmail.com
Website:www.harrymottram.co.uk

Mobile: 07789 864769

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Book Review. the End of the World Running Club by Adrian J Walker: Set in the future after the world is partly destroyed by meteors we follow protagonist Ed as he tries to reach Cornwall from Edinburgh on foot through an apocalyptic landscape of burnt out cities and destroyed countryside.

The main attraction of the novel is to see if he and his band of survivors can make it as they have one adventure after another.

Escaping from violent gangs, attacked by gun toting survivors and battling to find food and water they become more desperate as the world we know disappears.

It became rather predictable with each character telling their ‘how I came to be here’ story as well as the relentless notes on feeling puffed out from running. The only main female character is not fleshed out despite her role in keeping them all alive while Ed spends his time telling us how tired he is and what a bad father he became.

The main irritation was with Ed who wasn’t an easy character to like with his self-pitying personality. One aspect of the novel is you ask yourself what would I do and think in the same situation? I’m not sure I’d join a running club but possibly spend time re-establishing a supply of clean water and connecting up power like those who have to pick up the pieces after an earthquake. Let’s hope those meteors don’t come crashing to earth and sending humanity the way of the dinosaurs as the world in Adrian J Walker’s The End of The World Running Club is rather grim while the characters are even worse.

Harry Mottram

For details for the work of the journalist Harry Mottram visit www.harrymottram.co.uk and follow him on FaceBook, Twitter as @HarryThe Spiv, Instagram, YouTube and God knows where else!

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Rapscallion Magazine Book Review: from a grey and depressed post war London to flood hit Florence Sarah Winman’s Still Life covers interconnected lives in the middle of the 20th century – but speech marks are absent making conversations hard to follow at times

Book Review, Still Life by Sarah Winman: A novel that spans the decades from Wartime Italy to Post War London and the1966 floods of Florence and a novel without a plot but a set of interconnecting lives.
Evelyn Skinner and Ulysses Temper meet during the war – she in her 60s and he a younger soldier. Reunited later in their love of art in the north Italian city the story of their separate lives are played out with a host of characters.
There’s the pub that Ulysses gravitates to on his return to England – The Stoat – with its ragged VE bunting, its creaky pub sign and and its regulars ‘huddled around the hearth exactly as he’d left them: same faces less teeth.’
The conversations featuring Ulysses and his estranged wife Peg, barman Col and Piano Pete are witty and fast moving if at times hard to follow as Winman chose not use speech marks. call me old fashioned but I like punctuation.
Still Life captures in detail several specific periods of mid 20th century life. Post war London in particular with its smells of coal dust and cough syrup its bomb sites and dimly lit streets.
The characters are drawn in detail through their actions as much as their words in novel I found hard to really get stuck into due to its episodic nature despite its broad canvas.
Harry Mottram

For details for the work of the journalist Harry Mottram visit www.harrymottram.co.uk and follow him on FaceBook, Twitter as @HarryThe Spiv, Instagram, YouTube and God knows where else!

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Rapscallion Magazine Book Review: Alex Michaelides’ The Silent Patient and the unreliable narrator – a device that keeps the reader guessing to the end

The Silent Patient by Alex Michaelides. Review.

We are all unreliable narrators. That amazing holiday we enjoyed, our wonderful wedding and those photos of our perfect lifestyle played out on social media are not the truth but an edited version of what happened. It is part of being human to hide the truth and to spin a version of our lives so as to give everyone the version we want them to believe. And so it is in a novel – we see the world through the protagonist’s eyes only to begin to question their version – and in the case of Alex Michaelides’ The Silent Patient – the truth comes too late as by then we have bought into the narrator’s version.

There are hints of course as Theo Faber in The Silent Patient is quite certain that Alicia Berenson is a murderer, that his motivation to discover the truth of her husband’s death becomes an obsession to the point that he goes against the orders of his employers at The Grove. Written in the first person The Silent Patient is a whodunnit psychological thriller in which the truth is only revealed in the final pages in the spirit of Agatha Christie’s masterpiece The Murder of Roger Ackroyd.

Theo Faber is fascinated by the murder of Alicia Berenson’s husband and decides to take a job at the hospital where she has been confined after being sentenced following her trial and conviction for the murder of her husband. She hasn’t spoken a word since the suspected murder and he is determined to find the truth and make her speak. The ingenious plot construction ensures the reader is given a series of false clues as the narrator deliberately disguises his version of the story in the best traditions of the unreliable narrator. And yet the finale is there from the beginning in a play Alicia had seen shortly before her husband’s death, the Greek tragedy Alcestis. Just to make sure we don’t miss the clue Alicia leaves the play’s title on the canvas of her last painting. Of course, the skill of the novelist manipulates the reader in ignoring this ‘in plain sight’ riddle.

Alex Michaelides uses a number of devices to keep us guessing. If we have inklings about Theo’s story then we also get an alternative view of events through Alicia’s diary. Is she also being entirely honest? As Theo investigates her family we get a series of possibilities about what may have happened and there is the sub plot of his relationship with his wife. All neatly sown together to give a suspenseful and page-turning thriller. I for one had to read it to the end one night as in the best traditions of whonunnits I had to find out what happened – which for me proves the quality of the book. Yes you can pick holes in the plot afterwards and question motives and realities but by then the job of the writer is done.

In Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day, the butler Stevens relates the story of his service to the fascist sympathising aristocrat Lord Darlington and his suppressed affection for the housekeeper Miss Kenton. He denies his own feelings for her and of how his devotion to duty of his employer has affectively compromised much of his life. It’s a feeling many feel in the autumn years of their lives as they realise they have not lived a full life and have related their experiences as unreliable narrators as they didn’t want to reveal their true thoughts.

Julian Barnes’ A Sense of an Ending follows the obsessive Tony Webster who is keen to extract vengeance on a slight by a friend which eventually reveals the pettiness of the narrator. His version is about his quest to find out what happened to the woman he once wanted to love in a mission that had a twist in the end after his vindictiveness is revealed despite the way he slanted the story.

The Last King of Scotland’s narrator Nicholas Garrigan in Giles Foden’s novel in which the protagonist Giles (a doctor) works for the Ugandan dictator General Amin but is oblivious to the brutality of the regime as he portrays his life in the nightmare of the East African nation which is at odds with the realities. It’s this very denial and misrepresentation that so grips the reader in this case as we know the truth.

In Garrigan’s novel we are gripped because we know his protagonist is mistaken, while in Ishiguro’s story of Stevens we are not so sure about his thoughts until he slowly reveals how institutionalised he has become. As for Theo, well he is the most plausible of narrators because he is a professional criminal psychotherapist who we feel we can trust, while Alicia is clearly an unhinged artist. But that’s the trick – to give the reader enough clues to place doubts in the mind and take us on a journey where the final destination is only revealed at the end.

Harry Mottram

For details for the work of the journalist Harry Mottram visit www.harrymottram.co.uk

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Or email him at harryfmottram@gmail.com

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RAPSCALLION MAGAZINE BOOK REVIEW: Maggie O’Farrell’s Hamnet – a re-imagining of the lives of the Shakespeares of Stratford-upon-Avon with the focus on William’s mysterious wife Agnes (Anne Hathaway)

Hamnet by Maggie O’Farrell
For a novel that imagines the lives of William and Anne Shakespeare and their only son Hamnet it’s a bit odd that the playwright is only referred to as a father, husband or groom.
It’s a puzzle as everyone else from the neighbours to the rest of the extended family are named and described in detail. It is as though the author Maggie O’Farrell was in denial that Shakespeare was a famous writer or someone of significance. In interviews she said she was reclaiming the family of Shakespeare from the shadow of its most famous member. Methinks there’s a touch of literary revisionism at play.
Following her research it became clear that Hamlet and Hamnet were apparently inter-changeable as were Anne and Agnes allowing O’Farrell to imply Shakespeare’s play of Hamlet was a result in part of his mourning for his son Hamnet (1585-1596) and for Anne or rather Agnes to be something different from the Anne Hathaway of the second best bed and the picture perfect cottage.

It also allowed her to fictionalise the rest of the family as there is very little historical detail of the lives of the Shakespeares with only the patriarch John having much in the way of records – and those relate to his downfall from civic alderman due to his illegal trading in wool. In O’Farrell’s world Shakespeare’s father John becomes a violent tyrant and his mother a kind if compliant woman in a troubled family where everyone is in fear of John’s authoritarian rages. Indeed the novel begins with poor confused Hamnet feeling the wrath of his grandfather as he seeks help as his twin Judith falls ill. Hamnet’s tragically short life is only part of the novel as the main narrative follows that of his mother.

Agnes is in tune with nature owning a hawk and able to use herbs and wild plants for therapies and is most at home in the woods and fields of Warwickshire. Her brief union with Shakespeare results in a shotgun wedding. She is much more than just the wife of William but in O’Farrell’s hands a far more interesting character. Indeed it’s her suggestion that William should move to London to pursue his acting career – prompting the thought that without her William Shakespeare would have only amounted to be a bored Latin teacher – whereas she realised London would set his creativity free.

The detail of life in 16th century Stratford-upon-Avon is exquisite. Hamnet is an education in the business of rural glove-making in a world centuries before the industrial revolution. And it is also the domestic arrangements with the cooking, washing and childcare that fills the novel with rich detail.
There are a number of set pieces which I found gripping and page turning, but I’ll pick two. The first is the numbing grief of Agnes as she attends the funeral of their son Hamnet. It’s not a spoiler alert as we all know Hamnet dies at the age of eleven of some form of plague. “For Agnes, the walk to the graveyard is both slow and too fast. She cannot bear the rows and rows of peering eyes, raking over them, sealing an image of her son’s shrouded body inside their lids, thieving that essence of him.” She describes the grave as being a ‘shock’ a ‘rip in the earth’ but how Hamnet would have loved the patch of earth in which he was to be buried. And of how the father carries the body through the streets of the town his face full or tears and of sweat with the family following on behind as the townsfolk line the way crossing themselves as they pass in fear they could be next.

Then there is her journey to London five years later to see the play Hamlet. A journey which she almost fails to make, as she is spooked by the large crowds. As she watches the drama she is shocked to hear the name of Hamlet spoken. “To hear that name, out of the mouths of people she’s never known and will never know, and used for an old dead king: Agnes cannot understand this. Why would her husband have done this?”
It’s a question often asked by the families and friends of a writer. But this is what writers do. They take some of their most vivid experiences and use them as material. The most vivid experiences are nearly always the most personal such as the death of child. And with just a few adjustments pour them out onto the page such as Hamnet for Hamlet.
Harry Mottram

Hamnet won the Women’s Prize for Fiction, and in December 2020, Emily Temple of Literary Hub reported that the novel had made 15 lists of the best books of 2020. It was also longlisted for the 2021 Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction.

For details for the work of the journalist Harry Mottram visit www.harrymottram.co.uk

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Or email him at harryfmottram@gmail.com

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RAPSCALLION MAGAZINE Book Review – domestic abuse, unhelpful nuns and good women triumphing over bad men – Kathryn Hughes’ self-published best seller The Letter may be simplistic in style but has a finely crafted plot and a cliff hanger at the end of every chapter

It’s easy to be snooty about Kathryn Hughes’ simplistic writing style. Whether it’s the ‘I can see them coming in advance’ plot twists, the easy to read narrative or the unlikely dialogue in which the characters spill out their stories in such detail they run more like essays, there’s no denying the craftsmanship of her plot lines. And that’s her skill as she interweave the lives of her characters through time and unlikely coincidences, plus the good v evil themes in which good women triumph over bad men. They are the reasons why The Letter is a best seller. It’s a paired down story with the minimum of description, not too many pages and cliff hangers at the end of each chapter.

The story of two women 30 years apart linked by an unposted letter also reflects social attitudes and prejudices to sex before marriage, parental control and religious bigotry in the 1930s and 1970s in the UK. We meet hostile nuns, obstreperous librarians, a drunken husband and bigoted men, while on the other hand the story takes in helpful old ladies, a kindly betting shop manager and concerned office colleagues. A supporting cast are saints or villains – two dimensional maybe but helpful to keep the plot ticking over.

In her matter of fact style Kathryn Hughes makes the reader want to grab some of those characters and shake some common sense into them such is their blindness to their actions. Which of course is part of her winning technique otherwise the story would end rather early.

For those of a certain age the sections set during the 1970s have an almost nostalgic feel with its power cuts, electric bar heaters and only three channels on the TV. And an era when charity shops were filled with classic suits, retro dresses and army great coats beloved by students – all for a few pence. From pre-war Britain to a post war world before the internet and mobile phones make searches for lost relatives so much easier compared to the restrictions of the era of James Callaghan and Edward Heath of British Leyland and Ford Capris in which the story is set.

The main protagonist Tina begins a journey in distance and character maturing along the way as she discovers more to life than her abusive husband and her office job. A sort of modern fairy tale like those American Christmas films on Channel 5 in which you know roughly what may happen but the way the story unfolds keeps you hooked to the happy ever after finale.

Harry Mottram

For details for the work of the journalist Harry Mottram visit www.harrymottram.co.uk

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Or email him at harryfmottram@gmail.com

For more about the author visit https://kathrynhughesauthor.com/

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RAPSCALLION MAGAZINE BOOK REVIEW: sex, secrets and violence – and a coming of age neo-Gothic mystery set within the shadow of Franco’s Spain in The Shadow of the Wind by Carlo Ruiz Zafon

The Shadow of the Wind by Carlos Ruiz Zafon

Teenager Daniel Sempere is the beneficiary of continuous advice from man-of-the-world and latter day lothario a delightfully naughty Fermín Romero de Torres. Saved from a life on the streets and given a job in Daniel’s father’s book shop Fermín is a veteran of the Spanish Civil War haunted by a violent past and in fear of Police Inspector Francisco Fumero. Once his life is recovered he takes to going to the cinema where he falls in love with the screen Goddesses of the late 1940s and 1950s. And with his movie star looks and ‘sleuth-like instincts… attributed to delirious fantasies,’ he imparts the facts of life and lust to the young Daniel.

“Nobody knows much about women, not even Freud, not even women themselves. But it’s electricity: you don’t know how it works until you get a shock,” he says to Daniel.

And it would seem so does the author Carlo Ruiz Zafon as the women are in the main are beautifully described but lacking in much depth. There’s the beautiful Clara, blind and unattainable to the young Daniel, there’s beautiful Bea who gives up her fiancé for bookish Daniel, there’s beautiful Penelope Julian Carax’s lover and half-sister and there’s beautiful Nuria a former lover of Julian: a clear pattern of beautiful women populating the story which is driven by men. A coincidence? A reflection of the times the novel is set in? Or how the advertising copywriter and Hollywood screenwriter Carlos Ruiz Zafon sees women? I’m not so sure but methinks the screenwriter in Carlos sees his nubile female characters helping to visually market a film version should it be made one day.

The neo-Gothic mystery is set in the back streets of 1940s and 1950s Barcelona as the protagonist Daniel sets out to solve the puzzle of why the books of obscure writer Julian Carax keep disappearing. By chance he has chosen one of Carax’s novels The Shadow of the Wind when he’s taken to The Cemetery of Forgotten books by his dad. The random choice of the book is key to the story as it’s very rare. He is offered good money for the volume and is threatened by a shadowy stranger called Lain Coubert who is keen to get his hands on it in what turns out to be a somewhat unlikely plot. And so the narrative begins with Daniel on a page by page search to solve the mystery of why Carax’s books are becoming so unobtainable.

Daniel’s nerdy obsession with books and Carax in particular is given a forensic questioning characteristic by the author as he interrogates sets out to find the truth. He questions a 60-year-old female caretaker in order to gain access to a locked apartment linked to Carax. And as a teen detective he cross questions Carax’s ex the femme fatale Nuria Monfort in a way that would be approved of any investigative journalist.

Apart from the protagonist Daniel, and antagonist Fumero, and worldly-wise Fermin there’s a host of supporting characters who are inter-related to the plot and the discovery of why Carax’s books are disappearing. The chief amongst these characters is Barcelona itself with its dilapidated buildings and shops still suffering from the civil war that had ended just six years before. We read of how ‘the steely sun snatched copper reflections from the roofs and belfries of the Gothic Quarter,’ in a ‘maze of streets’ that are ‘hidden behind old Roman walls, and ‘holes left by machine gun fire during the war pockmark the church walls.’

After the long and detailed search the final chapters leap forward into the 1950s and 1960s as a sort of epilogue allowing us to understand what became of the various characters. The bulk of the novel is the detailed search for answers in the novel written in the first person by Daniel. Thankfully though Daniel is not just a lost-author-detective but is also made of flesh and blood. We learn of his passion for Clara with her ‘naked body lay stretched out on white sheets that shone like silk,’ and how he was filled with a ‘painful desire to kiss’ Nuria and begins his love affair with Bea over a kiss in the Cemetery of Lost Books.

As the mystery of the disappearing books unravels the novel reaches a climax bringing the main characters together, as the policeman Fumero, Carax and Daniel violently confront each other in a desperate struggle. Which was also one of the most convincing action scenes in the story – if only there could have been a bit more violence it might have helped. No spoilers other than to say if you love a Gothic and lavishly described mystery unwinding in the streets of post war Barcelona in 500 pages then The Shadow of the Wind is for you. I just wish the novel had been written through the eyes of the raffish Fermín Romero de Torres as it would have been much more fun and with a lot more wine, women and song.

Harry Mottram

For details for the work of the journalist Harry Mottram visit www.harrymottram.co.uk

Follow him on Facebook, Twitter, Blogger, Instagram and YouTube.

Or email him at harryfmottram@gmail.com

The author has written a quarter of novels set in Spain:

• La sombra del viento, 2001 (The Shadow of the Wind)
• El juego del ángel, 2008 (The Angel’s Game)
• El prisionero del cielo, 2011 (The Prisoner of Heaven)
• El laberinto de los espíritus, 2017 (The Labyrinth of Spirits)

RAPSCALLION MAGAZINE BOOK REVIEW: looking back at an end of Empire life through the eyes of lawyer Filth (failed in London try Hong Kong)

He was spectacularly clean, runs the opening line in Jane Gardam’s novel – sharply in contrast with Edward Feather’s nickname of Filth. And the reluctant protagonist keeps it clean rejecting teenage sex, his golf-mad aunts, his father and the community he eventually retires to in Dorset.

A loner, a lawyer, a judge and a man of Empire spelt with a small ‘E’. After his mother dies in Malaya he’s initially brought up by locals before being sent to England by his father for life with relatives and boarding schools before the Second World War. Jane Gardam’s skill is illustrating moments in his life with brevity and vividness that captures a changing world of District Officers in the Raj, cold showers in prep school, outrageous snobbery about the Welsh and trains packed with soldiers singing Roll out the Barrel.

On reading a letter about his childhood from Claire he sums up one aspect of the novel – that of looking back and realising where you are in life. He says to himself: “I am old at last, he thought. I should be cold too. But I am casting off the coldness of youth and putting on the maudlin armour of dotage.”

When as a small child he is removed from the arms of a Malay family to be sent to England for education he questions the reasons. “Why can’t I stay here?” he says and the answer comes; “Because white children often die here.” But the real answer is his father has the funds to send him to Britain to become a son of the Empire.

Neatly written scenes that take the reader backwards and forwards in time. From Edward’s childhood and coming of age to his lonely Christmas dinners in Salisbury in old age after his wife has died doing the gardening whilst burying the evidence of an affair with Edward’s rival Veneering.

Much to enjoy, not a page turner, but a series of vignettes of lives lived – when the sun never set on the British Empire.

Harry Mottram

For details for the work of the journalist Harry Mottram visit www.harrymottram.co.uk

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RAPSCALLION MAGAZINE COMMENT: each screened TV and cinematic adaptation and version of a novel needs to be judged on its own merits

Brideshead Revisited, 2008

Don’t judge a book by its cover or a film by its blurb is a pretty good rule of thumb. And of course don’t criticise a piece of art such as a film or TV show unless you’ve watched it is another. Critics are always under pressure to put their opinions into words with deadlines looming – and they need to entertain or engage as well so it is often tempting to take a short cut and plump for an easy line. Like for instance, ‘this films isn’t as good as the novel’ or ‘ this film isn’t as good as the original film.’

The BBC have been screening Julian Jarrold’s film version of Evelyn Waugh’s 2008 novel Brideshead Revisited this week. Looking back at what the critics made of it at the time is interesting in the way they tended not to look at the film in its own right but to compare it unfavourably with the 1945 novel. And somewhat unfairly to judge it alongside the 11-part miniseries by Granada Television in 1981 which like the novel is a different creation.

Chicago Sun critic Robert Ebert saw it as ‘not the equal of the TV production,’ describing it as a ‘sound example of the British period drama; mid-range Merchant-Ivory, you could say.’ The guardian’s Peter Bradshaw even questioned the point of making the film. He said: “Why revisit it? There is something pretty superfluous about this handsome-looking, workmanlike but fundamentally uninspired and obtuse adaptation of Evelyn Waugh’s resplendent 1945 novel. It offers no compelling reasons for a screen revival, and the look and feel are nakedly derived from Charles Sturridge’s tremendous 1981 version for Granada television, right down to using Castle Howard once again for the eponymous country house.”

The Telegraph’s Nicole Martin agreed saying the movie had been ‘slammed by critics’ having all the potential ‘ingredients of a hit movie’ but had ‘upset fans in the UK by straying from the plot of Waugh’s 1945 novel.’ The Washington Post said that it ‘does not hold up the integrity of the book’ while The New York Times labelled it ‘a lazy, complacent film which takes the novel’s name in vain.’

The point is no film can completely reflect a novel in its entirety but it can capture some of the spirit and tone. A director and screen writer are quiet at liberty to interpret a novel as they wish as film making is a different art with its visual storytelling and ability to create mood through light and sound. And to compare a film of two hours to a TV series of 15 episodes is ridiculous. The novel is succinct and poignant in its own right as it looked back from the perspective of war damaged Britain to a golden era for rich kids at University in the 1930s.

Equally the Granada series was perfect in its own way and for its own time. In the early 1980s in the depth of a recession there was something wonderfully fantastic to look back to a time when servants wore uniforms and opened doors for beautiful aristocrats and champagne flowed at summer long picnics. Both a kind of fantasy as Waugh revealed in his charting the changes in British social life along with his reoccurring theme of theological guilt, faith and inner conflict in Roman Catholicism.

Showing briefly of BBC i-player the 2008 film with screenplay by Jeremy Brock and Andrew Davies starring Matthew Goode as Charles Ryder, Ben Whishaw as Lord Sebastian Flyte, Hayley Atwell as Lady Julia Flyte, the drama is punchier and sharper than the longer Granada series and condenses the book’s events as much as possible and retains the humour and wry wit of the novel.

Harry Mottram

For details for the work of the journalist Harry Mottram visit www.harrymottram.co.uk

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Or email him at harryfmottram@gmail.com

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RAPSCALLION MAGAZINE BOOK REVIEW: an epic story of paternal betrayal, female genital mutilation, brotherly rivalry and the turbulence of Ethiopian politics in Abraham Verghese’s very long and over detailed but highly informative novel Cutting for Stone

Women are either saints or sinners, men are heroes or tragic flawed heroes in a lengthy surgically embellished epic novel about twins separated at birth but joined in death.

Written in the first person singular by surgeon Marion Stone as he looks back on his life in Ethiopia and New York with lengthy flashbacks throughout we follow the story of twins Shiva and Marion as they grow up in 1960s Addis Ababa. With their father disappeared and mother dead the boys enjoy a new family amongst the hospital staff and in particular their adoptive parents in Hema and Ghosh.

We learn a good deal about late 20^th century Ethiopia and even more about the intricacies of surgery, medial disorders and diseases of neglect and poverty as the author delves into each subject in forensic detail. Too much detail – leaving the reader wanting brevity is the telling of the tale.

What we do get is a story of paternal betrayal and redemption, brotherly betrayal and redemption and even military betrayal and redemption as Ethiopia’s 1961 military rebellion is crammed into a novel overflowing with incident. And those political events in the East African country provide some of the more exciting and action packed sequences featuring uprisings, murders and dramatic escapes.

But back to the story of two brothers, and in particular self-centred Marion. Tainted Genet is Marion Stone’s life-long love who is so sadly soiled by the time he unfeasibly loses his virginity with her in his late 20s gets the blame for his illness following their long delayed night of passion. Genet is painted as a rather pathetic but he fails to recognise that she has suffered the agony of genital mutilation, had fallen in with no-good Marxist terrorists, lost her son to social services and was finally betrayed by her husband before being sent to jail.

Marion and Shiva’s mother who dies in childbirth is given an equally difficult life history but achieves something close to sainthood in his eyes. Of course as an unreliable narrator he can judge his characters in his own terms as such canonizes himself and ties up as many loose ends in a novel which enlightens but also stalls at times due to its detail and need to explain everything at great length.

Harry Mottram

Follow Harry on twitter as @harrythespiv also on FaceBook, LinkedIn, YouTube, Pinterest, Flickr, Google+ and on Instagram and God knows what else. For more by the journalist Harry Mottram visit www.harrymottrem.co.uk

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RAPSCALLION MAGAZINE BOOK REVIEW: the coming of age who-dunnit mystery in Mark Haddon’s The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time has opened up a new market in autism inspired novels (and its put Swindon on the map)

A fast paced 21st century British mystery novel (based in Swindon) narrated by the fictional teenage schoolboy Christopher Boone is a gripping coming of age page turner accessible for young readers and adults alike. And without even naming the condition Christopher has we are aware that he has some form of autism due to unusual traits which he describes himself as being ‘a mathematician with some behavioural difficulties.’

Haddon has been criticised for his depiction of autism relying on stereotypes such as his protagonist’s incredible memory and obsession with food colour and prime numbers along with his lack of empathy and ability to understand everyday situations. Although it is not the first time autism has featured as a theme in a film or a book The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time has opened up an otherwise untapped market after publication. There was a huge interest in the subject and Haddon filled arts centres for talks on the subject following its publication, while a play based on the novel was produced and a film version has been planned. Translated into 35 languages and clearly a smash hit Haddon has refused to say he is an autism expert but simply a writer. It is after all a novel. A novel set in Swindon. How everyday is that?

Prior to this the 1988 movie Rain Man starring Dustin Hoffman as Raymond brought attention to the condition which at the time was seen negatively at best or denied at worst. Barry Monrow’s script revealed how autism can have a redemptive side. In his narrative as Charlie Babbitt comes to terms with his brother Raymond in a road movie with a difference. Likewise in The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time there brings a greater understanding eventually between confused Christopher and his father Ed and his estranged mother Judy.

Since then autism has if not become mainstream but at least has been recognised by society as something that exists. Science fiction had previously featured characters with autism in a raft of novels going back to the 1960s but Haddon opened up a new genre with a number of novels finding publication since then such as Siobhan Dowd’s 2008 The London Eye Mystery and the 2010 novel by Kathryn Erskine’s Mockingbird amongst others.

The novel was lauded with a  Whitbread Book Award for Best Novel and Book of the Year, the Commonwealth Writers’ Prize for Best First Book, and the Guardian Children’s Fiction Prize because of the way Christopher describes his world in the first person. He is given his voice. And one of Christopher’s motivations is his sense of right and wrong viewing life’s complexities in black and white. Which in its own way creates a series of set piece confrontations in the story.

Another of the themes in the novel is the extreme pressure a child ‘with some behavioural difficulties’ can have on a relationship. While some families cope and adjust many do not and in Christopher’s case the strain was enough to collapse the marriage of Ed and Judy who found different ways to escape including denial to running away.

The hero is Siobhan who understands Christopher and as his school teacher helps him to understand the wider world with helpful advice. In chapter 149 following a fight with his father about his writing his investigation into the dead dog in a book he went to school with a bruise on his face. “Siobhan asked me why I had a bruise on the side of my face. I said Father was angry and he had grabbed me so I had hit him and then we had a fight. Siobhan asked whether Father had hit me and I said I didn’t know because I got very cross and it made my memory go strange.”

Under further questioning she said that grabbing was OK if it is on your shoulder or arm but hitting is not allowed and grabbing hair or their face is not acceptable. Siobhan clearly understands what is going on and attempts to put into context what is happening behind closed doors and guides Christopher’s thoughts to a more normal pattern of behaviour as to what is acceptable.

Christopher’s investigations eventually discover a terrible family lie. It’s a dramatic moment and redirects the story but also returns to the fundamental stress that an autistic child can have on a relationship. Being a parent is tough at the best of times but the Christopher’s of this world put pressure on families which can reach breaking point.

An easy to read novel due to the very straightforward thought process of the protagonist, The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time is rightfully seen as a modern classic for its clarity and ability to communicate its protagonist’s mind set and also for its everyday setting.

Harry Mottram

Follow Harry on twitter as @harrythespiv also on FaceBook, LinkedIn, YouTube, Pinterest, Flickr, Google+ and on Instagram and God knows what else. For more by the journalist Harry Mottram visit www.harrymottrem.co.uk

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RAPSCALLION MAGAZINE book (and film) review: from India to Somerset and Egypt to Naples before, during and just after World War Two – unravelling the haunted pasts of four bruised, burnt and disfigured characters in The English Patient

The English Patient by Michael Ondaatje

Like the regular morphine injections applied by Hana to the English Patient Almasy the novel slides in and out of several worlds featuring a small cast of characters and their past and present lives. Only in the final third do we begin to see their full stories in Michael Ondaatje’s literary and lyrical love story set before, during and just after World War Two.

It contrasts the here and now based in the confines of a ruined convent where the English patient Almasy lies dying attended by Hana his nurse – with fellow residents the bomb disposal sapper Kip and the suspicious thumb-less Caravaggio with their bruised, burnt and damaged pasts. It is Caravaggio who pieces together Almasy’s back story as he suspects Almasy was a German spy who betrayed the British during the North Africa campaign but due to Almasy’s badly burned body and English accent he cannot be too sure. While we also learn about Hana’s fight to stay sane while surrounded by death and Kip’s career as a servant of Empire – and of course the mystery behind the titular character – the English patient Almasy.

The epic tone of the novel is layered with different but ultimately connected narratives with the story of Almasy at its core – who is he, is he really English and who was the love of his life?

There is also the back story of Kip the Sikh sapper and his journey to becoming a highly skilled bomb disposal expert – an activity which keeps him busy as the retreating German army have booby-trapped anything from a statue to a piano in war torn Italy. It allows Kip in particular to give the story a strong anti-war tone with his disgust at the folly of the wars of European nations and dropping of the atom bombs in Japan. In the film directed by Anthony Minghella he is played by Naveen Andrews and is relegated to a less influential role although the film plays up his romance with Hana with her birthday scene beautifully set with the tiny oil lamps lighting the path through the olive trees. Both are seeking emotional recovery from the traumas of war and of loss with the convent their medicinal bandage.

A long and complex novel it is hard to get into at first as the threads don’t immediately knit together due to a confusing multiplicity of voices relating various stories. And if you see the film you’ll also realise whole chunks of the novel are left out with some minor events given huge importance as Minghella plays up the visual splendour of the desert and some set pieces such as the social whirl of the British elite in pre-war Cairo. As so often is the case the characters in the film don’t always chime with the ones in your head from the descriptions given – especially Madox and Geoffrey Clifton. Where the novel is at hard to follow the film gives the sweeping landscapes of the desert with John Seale’s cinematography complete with an evocative score by Gabriel Yared greater visual prominence leaving stronger images in your head compared to the flowing prose of Michael Ondaatje’s novel.

We learn about the writings of the classical writer Herodotus and his The Histories which chart what was known then about the deserts of Libya and Egypt, the evolution of bomb making and bomb disposal work in the 1940s, the salvaging of artworks in the Italian campaign and archaeology in pre-war North Africa. It’s certainly a read that takes you to different places and different centuries connecting them through the landscapes and conflicts. I found myself looking up all manner of subjects as the novel whetted my appetite to learn about Satan bombs, Sikhs and the battles of Tobruk as the Germans so nearly conquered Egypt before once again falling back into the vastness of the desert. What we don’t learn much about are the people who live in those sun-bleached places whether it’s the guides, the Italian locals, Almasy’s rescuers or the market traders in Egypt’s capital. What we do learn is the relationships between the foursome and how war had transformed their live in this beautifully written novel. And we eventually learn how Katherine Clifton’s former lover came to be on his death bed in a bombed out Italian convent.

Harry Mottram

For more by the journalist Harry Mottram visit www.harrymottrem.co.uk

+ The English Patient was first published in 1992 by Bloomsbury Publishing and in paperback in 2004. A film of the novel was released in 1996. It was directed by Anthony Minghella and starred Ralph Finnes as Almasy, Juliette Binoche as Hana, Willem Dafoe as Caravaggio, Kristin Scott Thomas as Katherine Clifton, Naveen Andrews as Kip, Colin Firth as Geoffrey Clifton and Julian Wadham as Madox. The film received 12 nominations at the Oscars winning five BAFTAs and two Golden Globes. Critically acclaimed the movie is ranked in the top 100 films of the 20^th century.

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RAPSCALLION MAGAZINE Book Review: Agatha Christie’s not so swinging 1960s’ London, set in the last outpost of Edwardian England At Bertram’s Hotel which reads more like a muddled spoof whodunit with multiple plots and Cluedo-esque characters

The plot, the characters and the action seem as muddled as the minds of Canon Pennyfather or General Radley who inhabit the traditional environs of Bertram’s Hotel in Pond Street near Piccadilly Circus.

The over complicated plot detracts from the mystery of the disappearing Canon, a murder, a train robbery, a jewellery theft, a young woman’s quest to discover her inheritance and the use of the hotel for a front for criminal activity. The various strands seemed more like ideas jotted down from Agatha Christie’s book of storylines which hadn’t yet been used – so she thought she might as well use them all in at once.

The main character of the novel and the one best drawn is the hotel itself. An establishment, the author lovingly creates. Set sometime in the early 1960s Bertram’s Hotel is a throwback to Edwardian England when the well healed sought the comfort of their country houses in its, ‘rich red velvet and plushy cosiness,’ and its ‘magnificent coal fires.’ Despite the antique nature of the hotel (and its guests) it had been modernised: ‘There was of course central heating, but it was not apparent.’

Miss Marple listens in to the conversations of the guests from one of the high backed armchairs designed for arthritic old ladies as she pieces together vital information about the dodgy racing driver Ladislaus Malinowski who works for adventuress Lady Sedgwick and her daughter the financially ambitious Elvira. Instead of following the deductive powers of the redoubtable Miss Jane Marple the detective work is largely done by Chief Inspector Fred Davy known as Father who slowly puts together the baffling case of criminality, murder and robbery.

It’s as confusing as Canon Pennyfather’s powers of recall caused by a blow to the head. For such a posh hotel there’s a surprising level of crime although despite its obvious undertones of evil Miss Marple sticks it out for a fortnight. The average tweed wearing visitor to London up from the country would be better advised to sleep on a park bench or book into a Premier Inn type of establishment so as to avoid being coshed, shot or robbed.

Apart from the hotel’s character and description there is another attraction and that is Christie’s turn of phrase such as: ‘Mr Hoffman’s eyes rested for a moment on the rotundity of Father’s figure with disapprobation.’ And when Father interrogates the sexy actress turned maid Rose Sheldon he ‘ran an approving eye over her pleasant person.’ Such a genteel description – and such a genteel if complex whodunit with a hallmark Agatha Christie surprise twist at the end.

Harry Mottram

+ Published in 1965 by the Collins Crime Club At Bertram’s Hotel is one of Christie’s last novels and unusual for being set in 1960s London. It had mixed reviews suggesting it was not one her best. The BBC made a film adaption of the story with Joan Hickson as Miss Marple in 1987 and ITV screened a much altered version with Geraldine McEwan as the detective spinster in 2007.

For more reviews visit www.harrymottram.co.uk

Follow Harry on twitter as @harrythespiv also on FaceBook, LinkedIn, YouTube, Pinterest, Flickr, Google+ and on Instagram and God knows what else

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RAPSCALLION MAGAZINE Book Review: no sex scenes in Donna Tartt’s coming of age novel about a boy’s lies, deceit and art world crimes – but plenty on his teenage drug taking

The Goldfinch, by Donna Tartt
Can a woman write a fictional biography about a teenage boy? Well, yes and no. Donna Tartt’s The Goldfinch hits some of the right notes such as youthful dishonesty, amoral behaviour, deceitfulness and lies plus a fondness for alcohol and drugs in Theodore Decker’s retrospective narration.
Strangely she skirts around teenage boys and their obsession with sex and all things smutty, but is explicit about getting high on drugs and vodka and being difficult as testosterone levels climax in this coming of age novel.
At more than 800 pages the story goes into huge amounts of detail on the antiques trade with some insightful sections on life in New York and Las Vegas. And not the life you might expect. Excellent on fractious relationships and dysfunctional American families along with forensic introspections from Theo on his other’s failings.
But like Thomas Hardy and Charles Dickens to whom her plots have been likened there are plot holes which leave you doubting the story including the initial theft of the painting The Goldfinch by Theo. It’s in places a page turner but is so long you wonder if Theo (or Potter as his friend Boris calls him) will move on to the next section of his life. Critics dubbed in children’s novel which it is not. Stripped to the basic plot it’s a slow burn thriller born in a broken family and set in the art world with a confused protagonist narrator who seeks redemption from a childhood tragedy.
So much to admire in a convoluted and extended plot which satisfies eventually – but it’s a long journey to get there.
Harry Mottram
The Goldfinch by Donna Tartt was published in 2013. It won the 2014 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and is available in paperback from Cheddar library and all good bookshops.
• A movie was released of the book in 2019 directed by John Crowley with Ansel Elgort and Nicole Kidman.

The Sensational Alex Harvey Band in the 1970s. The novel has strands that reflect the heady days of Scottish rock

Rapscallion Magazine BOOK REVIEW: Sex, drugs and rock’n’roll in Iain Banks’ fictional rock star autobiography about a Scottish song writer in a 1970s super group (except he’s rather coy about the sex part)

Espedair Street by Iain Banks

Feel sorry for me. I’m Daniel Weir, known as Weird. A super rich rock star, who writes the lyrics to Frozen Gold’s songs from a working class background in Glasgow who hit the big time without passing through the usual stages of further education or apprenticeships. A penniless 20-something lifestyle in my coming of age fictional autobiography that begins plausibly and ends with an unlikely happy ending with the girl I love.

Espedair Street is Iain Banks’ entertaining and but at times tediously self-indulgent account of a lifestyle that blends the world of rock stars such as Fish, Sting, and Alex Harvey with that of a struggling lyricist who ends up a millionaire in the hedonistic era of the 1970s and 1980s. An era of vinyl, King Sized cigarettes and king sized egos.

It captures the shallowness and sexism of an time of joint smoking playboy pop stars and the mindless materialism of their successful lifestyles. And it charts their downfall through drugs and unfortunate encounters with failed stage props.

The song writing and craft of creating new songs is well documented, but their addiction to drugs was sketchy at times while the sex was frankly pathetic in its description. More Mills and Boon than Men Only Magazine. For a sex, drugs and rock and roll read it was surprisingly coy.

Some of the strongest aspects of the novel were its descriptions of life back in the day of Giro cheques, cassette players and the Bay City Rollers. It begins with the line: ‘Two days ago I decided to kill myself,’ and ends in a village hall after Daniel has finally worked out what he really wants in life. Not the endless booze ups, the East European merchandise or his lust for lead singer Christine Brice but a simpler and more balanced life unlike his own upbringing. That of his violent father and devout Catholic mother and the poverty of a childhood in Glasgow. These chapters are well penned as is much of his life in Paisley and the titular attractions of Espedair Street. It’s an uneven read. In places compulsive and it others repetitive, but as a sort of period piece about a period which has faded along with the denims and LPs it depicts, an excellent fictional document about a pre-internet age of indulgence.

Harry Mottram

For more reviews visit www.harrymottram.co.uk

Follow Harry on twitter as @harrythespiv also on FaceBook, LinkedIn, YouTube, Pinterest, Flickr, Google+ and on Instagram and God knows what else

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Rapscallion Magazine BOOK REVIEW: Evelyn Waugh’s satire of Phoney War Britain Put Out More Flags was written while the Second World War’s outcome was still in doubt giving it an added realism

Put out more Flags by Evelyn Waugh

For an insight into wartime Britain Put out more Flags by Evelyn Waugh is a good read. Written in 1941 and published a year later it tells the stories of a collection of mainly middle class men and women who are in part idol in nature, flippant about politics and eventually spurred into action by the war effort. Or at least some of them are. Others seek a life as far away from the front line as possible.

The heady days of the 1920s and gathering war clouds of the 1930s have gone and the Bright Young Things of Waugh’s earlier novels face up to the reality of Hitler’s German war machine. It was a time when Nazi storm troopers threatened to invade heralding an era which has come to define many late 20^th century British mentalities. His characters are drawn from those he knew at the time giving an authenticity their personas. There’s the irritating poets Parsnip and Pimpernel who hot foot it to New York, and Alastair Trumpington who joins up and spends his time guarding the coast while Ambrose Silk considers moving to Ireland as though the new state would be safe.

It’s witty, full of rich caricatures and a sense of the times as Britain faces its darkest hour enlightened by Waugh’s amusing prose and searing satire. We’ve been reared on years of Home front heroics of Dad’s Army and Land Girls and Mrs Miniver but here are people who don’t fit the usual narrative. Basil Seal writes right wing leaders for the Daily Beast believing Liberia should be annexed lecturing two retired officers on the subject who believe Russia will join Germany in attacking Britain. Such is their wisdom and presumably the thoughts of many at the time who believed Italy and Japan could still become allies.

It’s vintage Waugh if a little uneven as the events taking place inevitably affect the novel divided into the four seasons. By the summer: “Parachute landings were looked for hourly. The duty company slept in their boots and stood down at dawn and dusk.” And at the time of publishing Put out more Flags, the war’s outcome was still undecided making the novel an intriguing and genuine snapshot of public opinion.

Harry Mottram

For more reviews visit www.harrymottram.co.uk

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Check out Willoughby’s Phoney War on BBC4 extra – William Fox’s comic wartime drama covering the same period.

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Rapscallion Magazine BOOK REVIEW: Graham Swift’s Tomorrow is a window into one family’s life from the 1940s to the 1990s with beautiful insights – but lacks suspense as we can guess what’s coming

Tomorrow by Graham Swift

Pity Mike in Graham Swift’s matriarchal nocturnal reflections of his wife Paula’s monologue as he spends the entire 300 pages fast asleep and worse still being talked about as though he wasn’t there. Paula’s internal monologue concerns her decision to spill a long held secret from her two children who have just turned 16. If I say her children rather than Mike and Paula’s children you’ll get the picture. This somewhat underwhelming revelation comes as no surprise since the narrative is littered with hints about the children’s true parentage. This secret is how Swift has framed Tomorrow as Paula then fills in all the family affairs and background in a matter of fact sort of way in everyday language which adds to its authenticity. The detail of ordinary family life is where Swift’s prose are at their best. It begins with Mike meeting Paula back in 1966 and takes us through to the infertility clinic in the 1990s.

“Your father got into bed with me one night in Brighton nearly 30 years ago and, though the place and the room and the bed have changed from time to time, he’s never got out.”

The early days of their courtship, the backstory of Mike’s father and uncle and the prisoner of war camp saga, the family’s lost cat and washing up after numerous Christmas dinners make this a charming and intimate story even if it holds little drama in its quiet reflective reminiscences.

Harry Mottram

Tomorrow was first published by Picador in 2007.

For more reviews visit www.harrymottram.co.uk

Follow Harry on twitter as @harrythespiv also on FaceBook, LinkedIn, YouTube, Pinterest, Flickr, Google+ and on Instagram and God knows what else

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Rapscallion Magazine BOOK REVIEW: Graham Greene’s novel concerning a triangular love affair that became a prophesy of the disaster of the Vietnam War (in a carefully constructed story which name checks Cheddar Gorge to its credit)

The Quiet American  by Graham Greene

Any novel that references Cheddar Gorge in its final page will always make me smile. The Somerset landmark near to where I live couldn’t really be further away from the Franco-Vietnam war of the 1950s. Graham Greene’s carefully constructed eternal triangular drama set in the colonial conflict also became a celebrated prophesy of how the 30 year conflict would pan out.

The cynical but honest protagonist Fowler, the naïve and idealistic Pyle (the titular character) and the enigmatic love interest Phuong completes the love triangle who also represent the complexity of the war. Fowler as the former colonial power who loves and hates as well as exploiting but understanding Vietnam, Pyle who believes he can bring American values and democracy to the country by using justifiable violence and bloodshed, and Phuong who seeks an escape from the conflict siding with whichever side offers security.

Brilliantly constructed, complex in its symbolism and insightful due to Greene’s own experiences as a war reporter the novel uses flashbacks to layer the narrative of the I-dunnit or at least I-collaborated-in-the-who-dunnit to life. There’s so much to enjoy from the French military’s press conference when journalists are told the Vietcong are losing the war despite the facts suggesting they are winning it, the exchange of letters between Fowler and his wife as their relationship heads for a divorce and Pyle’s cringingly respectful disagreements Fowler.

An exceptional novel that helps to not only explain why the Vietnam war was always going to be a lost cause but all colonial wars (usually dressed up as regime change or humanitarian interventions) eventually end in a mess as the residents would prefer to be left alone to rule themselves. Look at those wars of the last few years: Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Libya. If only the various prime ministers, presidents and Government officials had read The Quiet American. It might have saved thousands of lives and a great deal of misery.

Harry Mottram

For more visit www.harrymottram.co.uk

Follow Harry on twitter as @harrythespiv also on FaceBook, LinkedIn, YouTube and on Instagram and God knows what else

There have been two adaptions of the novel for film. One in 2002 and one back in 1958. The image is from the more recent one with Michael Caine, Brendan Fraser, and Do Thi Hai Yen.

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Rapscallion Magazine Book Review: survival in a war torn city turns magical realist with a Narnia moment (but the relationship between the two lovers in Mohsin Hamid’s novel Exit West is its strength)

Exit West  by Mohsin Hamid

A crackling good story of innocent lovers caught up in a civil war skids to a halt when it abruptly turns into magical realism.

The prose may be flat and business like but with just bare facts somehow the minimal style suits the brutality of the deteriorating quality of life of the main protagonist Nadia and her boyfriend Saeed. It could be Damascus, Bagdad, Mosel or any one of a list of war torn cities across the Middle and Near East. No names or references are given except we assume it is likely to be an Arabic country with a mixture of Western culture ruled by an authoritarian Government and an Islamic militant opposition.

When the duo finally escape the war via a people trafficker the story based in the here and now has a Narnia moment and the couple go through a door and are on a Greek island as refugees. After further interludes they open more doors eventually arriving in California via London. The story shifts into a sort of dystopian future with civil war in London, vast changes to the populations and an America transformed into refugee camps. And there are vignettes of descriptions of other lives of other refugees which are linked by theme but not always by narrative to the central story.

One of the stories of our times has been the experiences of refugees fleeing war and famine and their terrifying journeys across land and sea. Sometimes exploited and robbed, some dying en route or drowning in the Mediterranean while others find hostility or a welcome when they arrive in a safe country. None of that is here which leaves something of a vacuum and a missed opportunity.

After Saeed and Nadia leave their city in search of safety the story is confusing and fails to grip as it shifts into a bleak prophesy of a future fractured world. Mohsin Hamid’s Exit West’s main strength and the core of the story is the changing relationship between the couple. Minor changes in body language and attitude towards each other are crisply observed making their courtship, life together and the tensions which eventually pull them apart the most satisfying aspect of the novel.

Harry Mottram

For more visit www.harrymottram.co.uk

Follow Harry on twitter as @harrythespiv also on FaceBook, LinkedIn, YouTube and on Instagram and God knows what else

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Rapscallion Magazine Book Review: drugs, crime and prostitution (how travelling with his amoral aunt changed dahlia loving Henry forever)

Travels with My Aunt  by Graham Greene

Henry’s travels with his Aunt Augusta begin at his mother’s funeral and end at his Aunt’s house warming party. Between the two – the one in a municipal Crematorium in Surrey and the other in Asunción in Paraguay. In between Henry and his aunt visit Brighton, Istanbul, Paris and South America meeting a string of eccentric characters and only just escaping the law due to his amoral aunt’s liking or risky business deals that involve smuggling.

Written in the first person by Henry Pulling a retired bank manager whose main interest in tending his dahlias Greene sets up some brilliantly funny scenes as Henry describes in his understated way some extraordinary events and even more extraordinary people.

In conversation with the Chief of Police at a party in Asuncion Henry comments on the old fashioned dances. The Chief of Police replies: “The Polka and the Gallop. They are out national dances.”

“The names sound very Victorian,” I said. I had meant it as a compliment but he moved away abruptly.

One reoccurring Greene theme is that of the Catholic faith.

“Are you a Roman Catholic?” I asked my aunt with interest. She replied promptly and seriously, “Yes, my dear, only I just don’ believe in all the things they believe in.”

And Greene’s descriptions are beautiful if unlikely in the words of Henry. ‘As Chapter 13 opens: When a train pulls into a great city I am reminded of the closing moments of an overture.’ And perhaps more convincingly for Henry in chapter 16: ‘I was back home, in the late afternoon, as the long shadows were falling: a boy whistled a Beatle tune and motor cycle revved far away un Norman Lane.’

Rather like the travels themselves the story meanders from one incident to another eventually bringing together the quartet of characters who dominate the travels: Wordsworth (who is a sort of unconvincing doomed caricature), the dodgy Mr Visconti and her lover Aunt Augusta who reconciles her colourful past with Henry who eventually finds himself in the intoxicatingly exotic and illegal world of his aunt in South America.

Harry Mottram

* Travels with My Aunt by Graham Greene was first published by Bodley Head in 1969.

* A film version was made in 1972 with Maggie Smith as Aunt Augusta and Alec McCowen as Henry (see below)

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Rapscallion Magazine Book Review: it’s Dellarobia against the world in a story of butterflies, scientists and sheep farmers

Flight Behaviour by Barbara Kingsolver
One part environmental lecture and one part rural domestic drama, Barbara Kingsolver’s Flight Behaviour gets stuck in the mud of Cub’s Appalachian sheep farm. In the opening pages the main protagonist Dellarobia appears to be about to start an affair as she runs away from her life as a mother and farmer’s wife. However the arrival of millions of Monarch butterflies In the woods above her home changes all that and she finds herself first as a sort of Butterfly saint in her local church and then as a proto scientist.
The story seeks to expose the fragility of the planet with global warming as part of the backdrop. It also centres on a series of set piece bust ups and confrontations which although entertaining in their own chapter don’t always take the story on.
It’s Dellarobia versus Cub; Dellarobia versus her mother in law Hester; Dellarobia versus Pete the scientist. In fact it’s Dellarobia versus the world as she rages at her life, for getting married so young, of not having any qualifications or a career, or simply living such a low down and humble life.
Apart from her good looks the one thing she has got is a sense of humour which she uses in a series of lively, witty and sparky conversations as she bats against a long list of humourless characters. And that’s where the novel is at its best. It’s no contest against dullard hubby Cub as he declares, “Weather is the Lord’s business.” In reply Dellarobia fires back: “People used to say the same thing whenever some disease came along and killed all the children. ‘It’s part of God’s plan.’ Now we give them vaccinations. Is that defying God?” Cub made no reply.
She may be poor but she is grounded which helps her in her exchanges with the scientist Ovid, Pete and the rich kid students who descend on the farm to study the mystery of the migrating Monarch butterflies who give the novel its title.
Focalising through Dellarobia we see the world through her eyes and her sense of humour which makes it a conversational and entertaining read if excessively long and at times repetitive. If only she could have had that affair at the beginning of the story we might have been spared the lengthy church scenes, the Christmas shopping trip and the painfully educational conversations with well-heeled scientists.
Harry Mottram
Flight Behaviour was shortlisted for Women’s Prize for Fiction in 2013 and published in 2012.

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Rapscallion Magazine Book Review: surviving World War Two in St Malo

All the Light We Cannot See by Anthony Doerr
Dealing with the shattered lives of those caught up in the Second World War Anthony Doerr’s All the Light We Cannot See is to some extent 523 pages of misery.
Written in short titled chapters and even shorter sentences the novel unravels the lives of the blind French girl Marie-Laure and the impoverished but talented Werner who is brought up in a children’s home in Nazi Germany. Eventually their lives collide in this well constructed and neatly plotted story encompassing the war and its aftermath with the main focus on the hero Marie-Laure as she battles to stay alive in besieged St Malo.
We get to know Marie-Laure well but less so Werner who encounters a wider circle of characters, friends and enemies in his career as radio operator in the army. Werner’s role seems to be one of illustrating how ordinary decent Germans managed to survive in Hitler’s Third Reich. And of how they could justify going along with the horrors and injustices of the regime.
His meeting and his friendship with the doomed Frederick and the tough guy Frank Volkheimer or the military bully Bastian only partly explain the silence of the German populace during the war. As for Reinhold von Rumpel and his obsession with the diamond The Sea of Flames – well he seemed to be from another novel.
In Paris and in St Malo Doerr creates a believable world where desperate survival is tempered with a humanity through characters like Madame Manec and Marie-Laure’s dad Daniel and uncle Etienne who quietly go about resisting the occupying German army despite traitors like Claude Levitte who also want to survive.
In fact there are so many characters in the novel you need to make a list as you go along.
Some are just there briefly while others remain throughout until their final fate is revealed in the last few chapters as they fall into two categories: those that survived the war and those that didn’t.
The period detail and descriptions are brilliant, the story engrossing and immediate with it being written in the present tense but at 523 pages it seems overlong.
Harry Mottram
All the Light We Cannot See by Anthony Doerr is available in paperback from 4thEstate online for £8.99, or second hand, your local library and all good bookshops.

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Rapscallion Magazine Book Review: A story of children in Nazi Germany framed by the character of Death

The Book Thief by Markus Zusak

Take one part The Diary of Anne Frank, one part The Hunger Games, one part Jane Eyre and one part the Catcher in the Rye and you’ve got the ingredients required for the perfect teenage angst novel. Death, Nazis, persecution and injustice – Markus Zusak’s 2005 young adult novel has it all and spends more than 500 pages of dreams and nightmares, self-reflection and self-loathing and of friendship and loving. It’s a brutal, truthful, philosophical and an intensive hormonally charged coming of age read.

The Book Thief follows the protagonist nine year old Liesel’s struggle to survive in wartime Germany beginning with the trauma of her brother’s death, her adoption and her battle to fit in and discover herself. The strong anti-Nazi theme is slightly undermined by an implication that Hitler partly comes to power through the written word rather than the more accepted one of economic depression, unresolved issues of the 14-18 war and the weakness of Germany’s fledgling democracy failing to prevent the Third Reich.

The story is focalised and framed by the character of death whose omniscient sympathetic view of Liesel’s life and times also includes Max, Rudy and Hans amongst others. Death is also changed by the events of the war turning from dark humour to near despair at the savagery. And Himmel Street is another character that is also deeply affected by the war with its gangs of children, bickering residents and Nazi sympathisers. And there’s the Mayor’s wife who is condemned but redeemed by Liesel in her book stealing and anger at the wealth and privilege of the town’s middle classes.

The Holocaust is the dark shadow behind the novel with the characters just one false move away from the Concentration Camps and certain death. Liesel is originally Jewish. Max is a Jew on the run who is hidden by Liesel’s adoptive parents Rosa and Hans Hubermann while Rudy is only a goose step away from liquidation due to his adoration of Jesse Owen.

Complex plotting allows connections to be made from the Great War to the aftermath of the Second World War while at times the fantasies and dreams of the protagonist and her friends diverts the reader away from the core story. At times I felt there was a much tighter and stronger novel within the book. Its strengths lie in the raw agony of injustice to children and of the realism of the settings – especially the scenes at school and when children are left to their own devices.

And amongst the darkness there’s plenty of humour such as when Hans gets drunk at the Nazi Party and knocks on the wrong door on the way home and is confined to the cellar to snore his way to morning.

Death keeps injecting facts at various stages like bullet points in a study guide – just so the reader doesn’t misunderstand anything. As a way of introducing children and young adults to the horrors of the Nazi era through literature The Book Thief by Markus Zusak is a perfect read. It’s a conversational read for much of the time doing at it does teetering on the brink of disaster all the way through until the bombshell ending – which felt like Zusak couldn’t decide how to complete his novel. Overly long perhaps and padded with too many diversions it is nevertheless an insightful and creative look at a recent chapter of German social history.

Harry Mottram

The Book Thief by Markus Zusak is available in paperback online for £8.99, or second hand, your local library and all good bookshops.

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Rapscallion Magazine Book Review: season of mists and mellow remainers – a post Brexit novel inspired by Keats but with overtones of comedy sketches by Victoria Wood

Autumn, by Ali Smith

A novel that seems to drift through a series of thoughts and scenes as though in a dream that it’s hard at times to realise where it is going. Autumn by Ali Smith’s Autumn is not an easy read as it stops and starts. There’s no overall plot other than to contrast overlapping visions of autumn and to slowly peel back the lives of the handful of characters. There are references to nature and John Keat’s poem on autumn while there’s the echoes of the novel’s role as a post Brexit novel.

Smith’s take is also on the autumn of Britain’s collective mentality in the months immediately after the referendum on membership of the European Community in June 2016. There’s a clear element of despair at the result in Smith’s prose as, “there was misery and rejoicing… …all across the country, people felt it was the wrong thing. All across the country, people felt it was the right thing. All across the country, people felt they’d really lost. All across the country, people felt they’d really won.”

We meet Daniel Gluck who is unfeasibly old and a friend of the much younger Elisabeth Demand who has terrible problems at the Post Office when trying to get a passport. And there’s Pauline Boty a female pop artist that Elisabeth is studying and who was known to Daniel who seems to have got about a lot in his life.

Autumn’s most John Keats’ moments come in passages such as this at the end of part one: “A Minute ago it was June. Now the weather is September. The crops are high, about to be cut, bright, golden. November? Unimaginable. Just a month away.” It’s a beautiful if succinct chapter midway through. The chapter’s prose concludes: “The birds are on the powerlines. The swifts left weeks ago. They’re hundreds of miles from here by now, somewhere over the ocean.”

The novel references numerous writers and books from Charles Dickens in the opening line “it was the worst of times” to William Blake’s poem about the “grains of sand,” and even Huxley’s Brave New World and Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart.

In a reflective, poetic and at times confusingly dream like novel there are several extremely funny moments such as the Post Office scene that has the feeling of a sketch by Victoria Wood about it. It’s an experience most can have sympathy with as Elisabeth attempts to have her application for a passport put through the Check and Send service. As the cashier measures her passport photo he says: “Your face is the wrong size.” And “Is your surname really Demand?” As the Post Office employee continues to play God and tick her off for being sarcastic when she doesn’t say where she plans to travel with her new passport.

In another sequence later on Elisabeth is in the kitchen with her mother when she recalls a one hit wonder from 1962, Summer Brother, Autumn Sister, written by Mr Gluck. The dialogue between her mum and Zoe her flatmate sparkles with authenticity and wit. “I’ve had a substantial career in maudlin, her mother says taking the computer. Has her mother been this witty all these years and Elisabeth just hasn’t realised?”

And there’s the story of Boty in these overlapping narratives, a model who has overtones of the Christine Keeler affair in the 1960s. These stories seem timeless and yet contemporary as they are linked together in a book which is very 2016 which seems to be the whole point of the the novel I eventually realised. A sort of poetic prose statement about Britain during the time of the referendum seen through the eyes of a mellow remainer.

Harry Mottram

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Goddess: Anouk Aimee played the lead in the 1969 movie of Lawrence Durrell’s novel

Drunk, dazed and in love with Justine in 1930s Alexandria

Justine. By Lawrence Durrell.

Feeling guilty, disillusioned and emotionally drained you leave a boozy chaotic party where couples are having sex, drinking too much and being ill. It’s getting dark, you’re a little bit drunk and you’ve taken the wrong turning through the back streets of Alexandria on the way back to your home where the baby sitter is waiting to be relieved. Around each corner is an extraordinary scene: a camel butchered whilst still alive in the road, an old woman herb seller selling her body in the street, and an ancient money lender asleep in an open window – his snores echoing down the road. You double back and try again, mixing up the crescents and the crossroads, the people and places, never quite sure how you somehow managed to get home.

At every turn Durrell presents Justine’s meandering narrative with exotic images, strange characters and vivid descriptions of a long lost pre-war Alexandria described by the over educated, under-employed, pretentious and unreliable narrator Darley. His memories of the time seamlessly overlap, flip backwards and forwards and leaving a sense of confusion and dazed impressions from the chaotic party you have just left. Is Nessim a seedy playboy and a murderer rather than a wealthy, sophisticate? Is Melissa a door mat and Justine a two timing flirt?

If the events and plot are hard to pin down the descriptions delight. Here’s Darley’s view of the comedic character Scobie who, “is a sort of protozoic profile in fog and rain, for he carries with him a sort of English weather.” And of Podre: “…a whim rather than a man. He was born to be a cartoonist’s butt.” And of Alexandria itself – main character in the novel – the first in Lawrence’s Alexandrian Quartet – a city that holds the Cecil Hotel, the Café Al Aktar and “the clearing house of information” Mnemjian’s barber shop. A city of the poetry of C P Cavafy, the Rue Nebi Daniel and the Atelier des Beaux Arts. Or as Darley puts it: “A city that becomes a world when one loves one of its inhabitants.”

Harry Mottram

Four stars

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Helen’s frustrations with the French school system and the Catholic church over her daughter’s cystic fibrosis

Love Like Salt. Helen Stevenson.

About half way through Helen Stevenson’s Love Like Salt I thought I had missed something. What was is it? Ah… it was the voices of other people. Nico, Sabine, Piere Daniel, Helen’s cousin for starters. There are a lot of people in the book but we really only see them through Helen’s eyes. But then all memoirs and biographies are partial acts of self-censorship and remembrance as it is only the voice of one person despite their attempts to be balanced.

Her memoir of her struggle to bring up her daughter Clara who has cystic fibrosis is quite an ordeal. It moves from diagnosis in England to settling down in France and then back to England to find a settled lifestyle away from prejudice and the French education system. Not exactly a veil of tears but it was clearly not easy for the family.

There was the lack of empathy from some adults – especially in France – the bullying French children, unsympathetic teachers and patronising priests clearly hurt as she recalls in a series of incidents and detailed conversations.

But as you read there are questions that arise over the difficulties of life in France compared to the near paradise Stevenson finds for her daughter and family when they move to Somerset. Could the French really be so awful when her youngest daughter clearly likes it so much compared to Clara? Are French schools so dreadful? Isn’t bullying and name calling a universal problem? And apart from the music, why is the sceptic drawn to the church and then is surprised by the archaic attitudes of its believers and in particular the less than helpful opinion of the Roman Catholic priests?

These concerns aside, the memoir is rich in thought and observation; it is both philosophical and enlightening, and above all beautifully crafted. It is a very easy and interesting read in part due to the candid thoughts of the writer which at times feels more like a series of magazine features. There is an intimacy as she confides in the reader her inner most thoughts which is a real strength.

The one tone that flows through every page are the insights that Stevenson gives into cystic fibrosis. Its affects, its history and the symptoms – and how living with a disabled child transforms the lives of everyone in the family. It is impossible to underestimate the consequences on the parents, siblings and friends such a condition can have.

The strengths of the meandering narrative also include the stylish prose and of the many back stories woven into the 284 page memoir. There’s the black comedy of her mother’s dementia as they drive back from Auntie Dorothy’s. Her mum is difficult, cantankerous and sanctimonious and is in denial Clara is ill which irritates Helen.

“You’re saying she has an illness that’s unspeakable, that people shouldn’t have to know about. In case it’s too painful for them. For them!”

“Don’t shout, dear, you’ll wake the baby.”
“Clara, her name’s Clara!”

“That’s as maybe, but she’s only a baby.”

“What do you mean, ‘That’s as maybe?’ What kind of an expression is that? It’s her name?”

And it is this conversation that is repeated in different forms and with different people throughout the story with varying scenarios. There is always the misunderstood and frustrated mother, and always the adult who tries to dismiss or downplay Clara’s illness. Clara’s life expectancy is not good – and there is no cure yet and perhaps this is at the root of the writer’s soul searching and a feeling the world has played her daughter a terrible hand.

Back in England and her ear for the negative continues: “When Clara ran five kilometres recently in aid of the Cyctic Fibrosis Trust, one boy in her year said his father had told him not to sponsor her, because he paid his taxes to fund a health service, and that charities shouldn’t be fund-raising for medical care.”

Coping is a constant battle which chews away at Stevenson as she battles the negatives. But there are positive moments when people say things which help her to see life a little more clearly.

She writes of one incident when a Swiss woman mentions her own daughter died of cot death on Christmas Eve. She says: “People said to me, ‘You must think all the time, why me?’ but I don’t ever think that,’ she said. ‘I think, ‘Why not me?’”

Harry Mottram

Four stars

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Bitter sweet stories from middle America that are universal in their ordinariness

A Spool of Blue Thread, By Anne Tyler

Meet the family. There’s Abby and Red in their extended domesticity, Junior Whitshank a carpenter from back in the day, the family’s ‘orphans’ like Atta, and the uncommunicative Denny who disappears, gets hitched and has a baby. We see the unfolding stories through anecdotes and flashbacks with the characters unwrapped in all their ordinariness and all their complexity.

There’s a certain universal depth to her characterisations that allow the ready to recognise people from their own lives despite the American setting with its cultural differences. She also adds a deal of humour which prevents the stories having a sugary gloss along with sharp but subtle social divides that are the property of a good observer. Well-paced, conversational and accessible A Spool of Blue Thread takes you into the living rooms of middle America in the last few decades of the 20^th century.

Harry Mottram. 4 stars

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Apparently, fat Americans are nice – that’s about the extent of the theme in McCall Smith’s novel – it makes you want to go on a diet in protest

Fatty O’Leary’s Dinner Party, By Alexander McCall Smith

Not so much a comic novel more the defense of fat folk. Alexander McCall Smith must have some friends from America who have over indulged themselves over the years. He’s also keen on the Anglo Irish aristocracy and the slightly eccentric way of life in rural Ireland but has it in for literary critics and airline staff.

The 174 page novelette was the winner of the 2015 Bollinger Everyman Wodehouse prize beating off rivals authors including Caitlin Moran, Irvine Welsh and Joseph O’Neill to scoop the prize.
PG Wodehouse it is not. Instead what seems at first to be a comedy of errors turns into a rather disappointing and simplistic story of the wronged American.
The story hinges on a series of misunderstandings when Betty and Fatty visit Ireland in search of their Irish roots. At every turn they are wronged and insulted but keep smiling in the hope all will be well. There’s some comic moments including the stuck-in-the-bath incident and the visit to a pub where a quick witted local fleeces them for free drinks.

They are plagued by the pretentious Rupert O’Brien who makes fun of their lack of knowledge about the arts but are charmed by Lord Balnerry who appears to be a con man. Constructed in three ‘courses’ or chapters the novel is like a poor quality ready meal rather than a dinner party.

To pick up the title dedicated to PG Wodehouse one would hope for more laughs from its leading character. Fatty is no Bertie Wooster.
Harry Mottram.  Two stars.
Fatty O’Leary’s Dinner Party is published by Polygon in hardback. 2014. £9.99.

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Brrr. The rags to rags not coming of age story of Ruthie in freezing Fingerbone

Housekeeping. by Marilynne Robinson

You need to wear a warm coat to read Marilynne’s novel set in the freezing town of Fingerbone in Idaho as the narrator Ruthie describes the chill climate and its effects on its inhabitants, her, her sister Lucille and Sylvie their aunt in numbing detail. It’s a melancholy read but also rich in reflection and insight as Ruthie ponders on the connections between the elements, emotions and her attitudes to life and people. It’s filled with symbolism suggesting collapsed houses, floods, heavy snow decaying towns all reflect the potential for human failings in the face of life’s struggles. But cheer up as there’s dark humour as well when the sisters bunk off school and the sheriff attempts to adopt Ruthie.

The reviews concentrate on describing the story as “haunting” and “poetic” and using “Biblical language” and of the transient nature of the relationships between the female characters. All true, but at the core of Housekeeping is mental health and its effects on a family.

As Helen fails to cope with the disappearance of Reginald who deserts her she ends up struggling to make things work and finally commits suicide leaving her two daughters Ruthie and Lucille at the mercy of their grandmother and a succession of relatives including Sylvie who are all incapable of looking after them. Society also fails them although Lucille manages to extract herself from the chaotic life that Sylvie constructs and leaves her sister and aunt for a more normal family in Fingerbone.

Things we learn from Housekeeping: it’s not about housekeeping but rather how not to keep a house as Sylvie’s hoarding instincts eventually result in the house being burnt to the ground.

Housekeeping magazine can be used to swat out a small fire and you can feed a family of 17 on a broth made from fir needles, bits of hair and finger nails and shoe leather.

Illegally jumping on railcars will bring the wrath of your local community on you, and dress making is very frustrating and when it won’t work chuck your attempt in the fire. Plus sitting by the edge of a lake all day is preferable to going to school. Brrr. So put on a coat, or sit by a fire and prepare for Robinson’s enjoyable and vividly atmospheric journey into Ruthie’s rags to rags not-coming-of-age story.
Harry Mottram. Four stars

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Classic novel for all teenage angst-ridden, idealist visionary, fucked-up school drop outs (and try saying that after half a bottle of vodka)

The Catcher in the Rye. J D Salinger
You either get Holden Caulfield or you don’t. If you don’t then it’s possible you’ve never been a teenage angst-ridden, fucked-up, idealist-visionary, school drop-out with a view of the world that doesn’t fit with the one you are presented with.
The novel can be criticised for its rambling construction, it’s strange and enigmatic ending and for feeling dated. But that happens to any novel eventually.
J D Salinger’s novel The Catcher in the Rye still hits the spot. It remains popular with English teachers keen to engage young people with literature as well as teenagers who like reading anyway – just as it did when it was published in 1951. A killer book with killer lines, true to the spirit and personality of Holden Caulfield, who is the original teenage dirtbag baby – with apologies to Wheatus.
The opening line spells out his character: “If you really want to hear about it, the first thing you probably want to know is where I was born, and what my lousy childhood was like, and how my parents were occupied and all before they had me, and all that David Copperfield kind of crap…”
Catcher in the Rye is not Great Expectations.
Instead he’s going to tell us about his three day breakdown with various flashbacks and reminiscences and how he came to be unwell. What he doesn’t tell you is how traumatised he is by his brother’s death and his inability to bond with his parents when only his sister is his true soul mate. His brother’s baseball glove remains a motif, representing loss, catching, brotherly love, and a reminder of childhood.
It’s funny, it’s dead pan, it’s sad. It’s about how families don’t communicate, about 1940s American white middle class society and about an author looking to move literature into a new era where feelings, disconnected emotions and teenage angst are relevant. The novel is written in the first person through the eyes and thoughts of Holden.
He’s intelligent: “I’m quite illiterate, but I read a lot.”
Holden’s funny: “All morons hate it when you call them a moron.”
He wants to be loved: “What really knocks me out is a book that, when you’re all done reading it, you wish the author that wrote it was a terrific friend of yours and you could call him up on the phone whenever you felt like it. That doesn’t happen much, though.”
And he’s learning to cope with the adult world: “I am always saying “Glad to’ve met you” to somebody I’m not at all glad I met. If you want to stay alive, you have to say that stuff, though.”
Plus he’s a romantic: “That’s the thing about girls. Every time they do something pretty, even if they’re not much to look at, or even if they’re sort of stupid, you fall in love with them, and then you never know where the hell you are. Girls. Jesus Christ. They can drive you crazy. They really can.”
He’s enigmatic: “I don’t exactly know what I mean by that, but I mean it.”
Self-deprecating: “I’m the most terrific liar you ever saw in your life. It’s awful. If I’m on my way to the store to buy a magazine, even, and somebody asks me where I’m going, I’m liable to say I’m going to the opera. It’s terrible.”
And there’s this quote which has us all guessing as to its meaning: “I’m standing on the edge of some crazy cliff. What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliff—I mean if they’re running and they don’t look where they’re going I have to come out from somewhere and catch them. That’s all I’d do all day. I’d just be the catcher in the rye and all.”
This dream-like image is about his late brother. He’s convinced he can somehow stop others from dying by stopping them stepping off a cliff. Holden is in mourning for Hallie, but he also feels guilt. He cannot define his feelings but instead relates his experiences and his ideas through the events of the long weekend. He doesn’t want change, he can’t concentrate on his school work, and he can’t help screwing up life in general.
He finds the world of adults filled with phonies, liars and hypocrits and spends much of his time trying to define who is a victim of which trait. Holden is inconsistent and lives in a fantasy world in which he perpetuates ideas which are unrealistic. He’s a teenager trying to come to terms with life and loss, relationships and women, the adult world and his own feelings towards it. The one thing he craves is love and understanding, something he fails to get from his parents and various adults.
If you have been a teenage angst-ridden, fucked-up, idealist-visionary, school drop-out then Holden Caulfield makes sense. I should know as I was one.

Harry Mottram

Harry Mottram in 1975 leaving home in West Lambrook in Somerset for Scotland

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Lots of really well written deaths (but hardly any sex) in epic story of farming brothers set in Wales

On the Black Hill. By Bruce Chatwin

We love a good death and Bruce Chatwin does them so well. As soon as Old Sam “had complained of ‘gatherings’ down his left side” we knew he was not long for this world. The old man puts on his best suit and patent leather pumps and after going outside into the farmyard to see the “high windy sky” for the last time goes up to his bedroom and after playing a final jig on his fiddle lies down on his quilt and dies.

Chatwin’s poetry for Old Sam’s demise (a character we admire) is in contrast to the description of grumpy, nasty and violent old git Amos’s death. But still, neatly done. The belligerent farmer and father of the twins whose story is the theme of the novel gets in the way of the horses. Merlin Evans shouts: “ ‘Watch it yer old fool!’ It was too late. Olwen had kicked. The hoof caught him under the chin, and the sparrows went on chattering.”

His economy of language and ability to neatly hop from one narrative to the next using deaths, births and sudden comings and goings as turning points takes the story of the twins Lewis and Benjamin from Victorian times to the appearance in the pub of Space Invaders in the 1980s. There’s no formal plot as such apart from the twins’ relationship and their relationships with the villagers, strangers and fellow farmers over the decades. This was the one factor missing from the novel which has so many diversions and sub-stories concerning the lives of those who live in the countryside of the Welsh-English borders. Only when a story such as the appearance of their niece Mrs Redpath or Lewis leaving home after losing his virginity or the turf war with the neighbouring farmer do the pages turn at speed. For the rest of the novel it was a leisurely wander through the Radnorshire countryside taking in the story of Kevin, Theo, Nancy and a host of others where death is just around the corner but where farmers might only have sex once in their lives.

The novel’s strength is its style. During a recruiting drive for the First World War the Colonel offers volunteers a ride in his car with his beautiful daughter. Jim the Rock jumps at the chance and as Chatwin notes this was how Jim the Rock went to war: “…for the sake of leaving home, and for a lady with moist red lips and moist hazel-coloured eyes.”

It’s other power is Chatwin’s use of the landscape, the seasons and nature to act as an ever present character, baring witness to the comings and goings, births and deaths and the march of progress in a world where change is slow. And of course the lyrical relationship between the brothers from the birth to their declining years – all charted in the landscape dominated by the black hill.

Harry Mottram

On The Black Hill is published by Picador in paperback. First published by Jonathan Cape in 1982.

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A Girl Is a Half-formed Thing. By Eimear McBride

Difficult to read, but at times breathtakingly sharp, and sometimes amusing, Eimear McBride’s bleak coming of age novel is at once refreshingly honest and darkly disturbing. She challenges the reader to concentrate on every line and every half sentence. Skipping isn’t an option.

Set in a socially conservative and repressive late 20^th century Ireland the story is written in short punchy sentences often mixing dialogue with thoughts in a stream of consciousness style and incorporating descriptions and sensual sensations such as smell and touch. The story moves from the unnamed writer’s childhood through to her teens and onto early adulthood changing its language to more finished prose but still retaining the angry visceral sentences that constantly jar and sometimes shock.

In one sense it’s the archetypal Irish novel in the runny nosed, alcoholic, backward, poverty handicapped, sexually repressed, religiously dominated Republic haunted by the characters in Edna O’Brien’s Country Girls, Frank McCourt’s Angela’s Ashes and James Joyce’s Ulysses with its priests, absence fathers and broken families.

It was at its best when at its most hormonally charged when we all flood our minds with images and words in a traffic jam of information such as this section in Chapter 4 of Part 2 when she’s at school. “And out of my throat comes a voice I don’t know that says in words my thoughts out loud. The lads in your year are fucking scum and bastards and thicko picg-ignorant culchies. What? They stick of hair gel on too thick and biactol that doesn’t even work.”

Did I enjoy it? It wasn’t an easy read and I kept wishing McBride would use more conventional description, punctuation and dialogue from time to time. Some of it was intensely powerful such as the sex scenes, when her abusive mother hit her and in particular the moments with her brother. The teen diary notes were so evocative like this when she describes a friend at the beginning of Chapter 4: “She smells like biscuits. Crisps. Old fags in her oil and in her hair. I think her knickers must stink down there. It wafts up when she crossed her legs.”

There are also sections where we hear the voices of the other characters, including her mother, the ghastly uncle, the priest and the “holy joes”. While the tenderest moments are with her brother who has suffered brain damage and eventually dies leaving her, “Your face that eyes are open wide. See the land and all above mine. Your eyes are where are. They look. When and a tinge of purple on your cheeks choke purple blue. Across your mouth. Across your lips. I see your suffocated eye. Please don’t go.”

With a rape, with violence, with bullying, and a suicide attempt it’s pretty grim stuff and although I found some of the content compulsive, in the end it was too bleak to enjoy. Full marks for originality but it was a tough read.

Harry Mottram
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Dear Life. By Alice Munro.

Subtle with a light touch and minimum of words and fully fleshed, Alice Munro’s characters appear as bit parts but leave as well drawn as people in a thousand word novel. Her short stories in at times a semi-autobiographical collection in Dear Life blow in the sharp icy winds of Canada, and fight against the suffocating social conformities of a post war priggish society. Buttoned up, churchy, and full of lopsided morals, the world the characters inhabit often sets the confines for the dramas.

To Reach Japan is a universal story of the perils and the hurts of infidelity. A woman has an affair – but has her daughter in tow who despite her young age knows what’s happening and reacts as only a child can by going missing when her mum is having a quickie – on a train. The theme of wronged or not always loved or even slightly neglected innocents reoccurs in Amundsen where precocious Mary is ignored and insulted by the charmless doctor who dumps the narrator on her wedding day.

Wronged innocents is certainly the feature of Gravel where a child feels lifelong guilt over the accidental death of a sibling while in Haven a childhood grudge dictates long held feelings into adult hood spoiling the haven of a marriage. Like slow burning fuses Munro allows the potential dynamic of childhood incidents to await an explosion late in life – sometimes more of a pop than a bang – but emotionally restorative just the same. If the innocents are not wronged then they can be keen observers of the foibles, hypocrisies and shortcomings of the grown-ups as in Haven, a story of a sibling grudge carried through to middle-age but born out of a perceived childhood injustice.

We all carry the rights and wrongs meted out to us in our formative years, and will regale without prompting how our mother did or didn’t do this or that, or a brother who borrowed without asking, or a teacher punishing without justice. Munro’s economy of words and ability to surprise with plot twists or just the brutal reality of events seen by a child, keep these snapshots of life in stayed, stuffy and often freezing post war Canada as sharp as the day they happened.

In the last four stories Munro reveals even more of her life with semi-autobiographical accounts of telling moments from her past. The visit to see her child-minder Sadie in her coffin is preceded by this telling exchange:

“You and Sadie talk together a lot,” my mother said.

I knew something was coming that I should watch for but didn’t know what.

“You like her, don’t you?”

I said yes.

“Well of course you do. I do too.”

I hoped that was going to be all and for a moment I thought it was.

Munro’s keen observations of how adults behave and talk to children, failing to recognise their in-built awareness of what is happened alongside their lack of understanding of the wider impact are what compels and what makes these stories universal.

Harry Mottram

Dear Life, by Alice Munro is published in paperback by Vintage. First published in 2012.

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The agony and the irony: Guy wanted to be a hero and very nearly did in Evelyn Waugh’s comic World War II triology

Sword of Honour. By Evelyn Waugh. Penguin Classics (1965)

The characters simply swagger off the page. Trimmer with his undeserved but irresistible rise through the ranks, one minute a Scottish soldier, the next a French hair dresser and then a national hero.

Tragic but sensuous Virginia in her two year’s out of date clothes from a grand couturier sitting in a hotel lounge sipping gin and surrounded by tattered copies of fashion magazines.

The doomed Apthorpe with his obsession about his thunderbox and his protracted struggle to keep it from the hands (and bottom) of Brigadier Ritchie-Hook whose only other concern is to get in a spot of biffing.

Evelyn Waugh drew on his own uneven wartime experiences to fashion the tragi-comic military career of the main character Guy Crouchback and his confused and convoluted relationship with his ex-wife Virginia. Waugh is positively cruel to his protagonist Guy, dealing him a series of rotten hands that he heroically does his best with. Trimmer trouncing him at every turn, his disaster in Dakar, and his blundering non-seduction of Virginia; plus the mishandled intervention in Croatia. It’s a miracle we won World War II. But with Crouchback’s good will and his eternal optimism somehow all the cock-ups seem worthwhile.

The trio of novels read better as three separate books but there is a more uniform structure to the combined read. Waugh’s light and ironic touch gives a chuckle to every page and some golden moments of pure comedy and pure farce.

Sword of Honour combines three volumes: Officers and Gentlemen (1952), Men at Arms (1955) and Unconditional Surrender (1961). They were published as a revised single novel in 1965.

Channel 4 made a film adaptation in 2001 of the trio of novels. It’s available on websites like Amazon for less than a pint of beer and gives a big screen gloss to the humour and period detail of the World War II story with Daniel Craig as Guy and Megan Dodds as Virginia. However if you only read 20 pages anywhere in the novel you’ll be rewarded with Waugh’s beautiful and always ironic prose.

Harry Mottram. Five starshttp://www.youtube.com/embed/eo9H-R7Legw

Below is the trailer to the Channel 4 series:

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The Rosie Project. By Graeme Simsion

A kind of coming-of-age story for forty-year-old male virgins

It’s an old adage: don’t look for love, let love find you. It’s the underlying truth behind the success of former IT consultant Graeme Simsion’s debut novel The Rosie Project.

The self-confessed geek has also stuck to that equally old piece of advice: write about what you know. In an interview with Mark Lawson on BBC Radio 4’s Front Row programme, Simsion said he had based the character of Don (the main protagonist) on men he worked with. He said they made lists, judged women in unrealistic ways and were emotionally and socially challenged. And there lies the humour.

The unlikely object of Don’s desire is the complete anti-thesis of his mission. In fact he writes her off immediately as being unsuitable. For Rosie is the opposite of what he wants. She is open, demonstrative, swears, is a smoker, a barmaid, a non-list maker and emotionally spontaneous.

Geneticist Don is a premier division nerd who treats the dating of women and the search for a life-long partner in the way a Which Guide ascertains the qualities of the perfect washing machine. His list of what is desirable is as unrealistic as that of most men’s criteria of what they see as the perfect woman. It’s a fantasy. Except for one thing: most men don’t write down their requirements, and then hand them out to prospective girlfriends in the form of a survey. How much do they weigh, what qualifications do they have, and are they fertile?

The novel’s construction is classical in its adherence to the principals of Pride and Prejudice. Boy meets girl. Boy rejects girl. Boy then finds girl attractive. Girl rejects boy. Girl finds boy attractive. Complex sub-plots and a mutual mission in life: Don helps Rosie discover her real father.

We know what is going to happen or the book would be called The Rosie Project Aborted. But it’s the constant humour and clash of ideas and opinions which create numerous laugh-out-loud moments. It locks into the basic truth that men and women come from different planets. Some of the funniest moments come from Don’s misunderstandings of what is happening. Written in the first person we see the world through Don’s eyes and quickly see what he doesn’t see.

Beautifully paced, it’s a page turner from the start as we witness the evolution of Don’s character, in a kind of coming-of-age story for forty-year-old male virgins. A love story furnished with smelly trainers, frozen lobsters and lots and lots of lists.

Harry Mottram

What the book club members thought:

The novel was given a thumbs up from everyone with only one reader saying he thought the novel was “formulaic”. It was generally thought a comic novel with its setting not particularly Australian but rather Western academia with the main aspect the disconnect between male and female thinking.

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American Jazz Age novel

Tender is the Night. F Scott Fitzgerald. (Original 1934 version.)

Rosemary fancies Dick, Dick loves Nicole, Nicole’s got the hots for Tommy, Tommy fights Albert, and Albert’s wife is a stupid snob. With his neat descriptions of people and places and an ability to give a subtle sense of emotion amid the changing relationships of a group of high fliers, F Scott Fitzgerald’s Tender Is The Night paints a vivid picture of enmeshed life amongst the wealthy fast set. Their paths are interwoven with a shifting viewpoint – sometimes it’s the author and sometimes we see the world through the eyes of the main characters. So entangled are the relationships it is not immediately obvious who the story is really about at first. It reflects the author’s own unsettled life with his schizophrenic wife Zelda, his restlessness, his financial worries and his addiction to alcohol partly portrayed through the life of Dr Richard Diver and Nichole Warren. Dick is initially the main protagonist but Dick’s role dissolves into anonymity as the story unfolds and we follow the unfolding development of Nicole’s character as she emerges from her traumatic childhood of her mother’s early death and her father’s incestuous relationship with her.

The novel charts the shifting balance in Dick and Nicole’s relationship over the course of several years beginning in the period of the Great War to the late 1920s. Initially Dick acts as Nicole Warren’s psychiatrist – but by the end the patient appears to be the more confident personality shaking off the legacy of her damaged childhood.

The original novel published in 1934 lays out the narrative in three books, beginning in the middle of the story with the vibrant social life of the Divers in France seen through the eyes of actress Rosemary – and then flips back a decade to when Dick met Nicole. The final book in both versions continues the story following the trajectory of the lives of the characters towards the early 1930s as crash and burn or live and thrive.

Is it an easy read? Well, there’s no strong plot line which grips you from the off – you simply follow the impressions of the lives of those involved in a timeless world of the privileged. It’s a posh place where part of the attraction of the setting is the setting. Luxury, money and privilege – and yet the characters are no more complex than you and me. It’s a bright colour photo of a novel of the Jazz era written by someone who was there.

Descriptions imprint themselves on the reader. This is the conventionally romantic description of the attraction of Dick Diver for Rosemary: “His voice, with some faint Irish melody running through it, wooed the world…” While Nicole’s shopping trip moves to a social and political comment on consumerism: “Nicole was the product of much ingenuity and toil. For her sake trains began their run at Chicago and traversed the round belly of the continent to California, chicle factories fumed and link belts grew link by link in factories; men mixed toothpaste in vats and drew mouthwadh out of copper hogsheads; girls canned tomatoes in August or rudely at the Five-and-Tens on Christmas Eve.”

There are the descriptions of nature merged with the feelings of the characters: “…she returned to the road of arched pines and the atmosphere changed – with a squirrel’s flight on a branch, a wind nudging the leaves, a cock splitting distant air, with a creep of sunlight transpiring through the immobility, then the voice of the beach receded – Nicole relaxed and felt new and happy…”

And then there are just the descriptions that ignite the reader’s imagination: “In the Square, as they came out, a suspended mass of gasoline exhaust cooked slowly in the July sun.”

It’s a satire of life for the idol and the not so idol rich in post World War One Europe. It’s a critique of consumerism, of class, of social structures and of behaviour in a moral vacuum. It’s a story of people behaving badly – because they can – in a world not yet ready for the obscenities of the Nazis and of the Second World War. But at its heart is the story of Nicole as she shakes off the sexual abuse of her father and emerges as an adult with the help of her one-time partner Dick Diver.

Poor old Dick – he had it all and threw it all away.

Harry Mottram

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Sun 7 July. Book Club: Our take on Africa’s “greatest novel” – Things Fall Apart

Things Fall Apart. By Chinua Achebe.

For the first few pages I was slightly mystified by Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart. Was this a Utopian view of Africa before it was corrupted by colonialism written in a simplistic yet affective style in the mode of Abdulrazak Gurnah’s Paradise – a narrative describing how tribal life was subverted by Imperialism – or a love letter to a lost bucolic paradise populated by the children of Eden as in Camara Laye’s 1953 autobiography, The Dark Child?

Achebe’s story of protagonist Ibo strong man Okonkwo is a classic tragedy of the rise and fall of a powerful but flawed character in the tradition of Brutus in Shakespeare’s Julius Ceasar or even Eddie Carbone in Arthur Miller’s A View From The Bridge. The economically written story is not an African novel – it’s written in English by an English educated African writer who uses the cadences of West African Ibo speech and traditions of Nigerian storytelling to convey the story of a last days of a an archaic tribal society. Indeed according to Achebe the natural language of the tribes in question does not translate easily and so much of the tone of their language would be lost. It’s a neatly plotted novel with an upside and a downside – the pivotal point being Okonkwo’s banishment for accidently killing a young boy at a tribal celebration. It is a partly a morality story and partly a story of Africa’s recent past.

Told in a simplistic but lyrical third person narrative the story follows the warrior Okonkwo who personifies many of the good and much of the negative side of this culture. He is positive, hardworking and loyal to the tribal traditions of his clan. And yet he is intolerant, misogynistic and blind to society’s changes. Wives are seen as status symbols, twins to be killed, hostages to be murdered, children as economic resources and the tribe’s traditions and religious as to be upheld at all costs. In that he is at one with all tribal societies (including our own) in history. With a chip on his shoulder caused by his lazy and disappointing father Unoka, Okonkwo is determined to become top man in his West African village of Umuofia. He has “a brusqueness in dealing with less successful men” and is burdened with a son Nwoye who he sees as a personification of his father and who later betrays him in his eyes by becoming a Christian convert.

Tribal life

Achebe keeps the story of the rise and fall of a tribal leader set against the rise and rise of colonialism in African in proportion. Traditional tribal life is a male dominated demi democracy based on a consensus of tribal elders who dispense justice, uphold the laws of the land and maintain the status quo. This last aspect is inevitably the tribe’s downfall as the arrival of the white man, his religion and laws heralds a dramatic change in their world.

Failure to communicate and to understand differing points of view and ideas is at the core of the story. Okonkwo can’t understand his son who he sees as soft and feminine. He rejects the arrival of the white man and his religion of Christianity and he cannot come to terms with anything he considers to be unmanly. He is signed up to his tribe’s values however wrong they seem to us. He is complicit in the murder of the captured slave Ikemefuna because “he was afraid of being thought weak,” even though the boy sees him as a father.

The white intruders fail to understand the democratic nature of the tribes they encounter and reject all their religious traditions rendering the ruling structure of the tribes redundant.

It’s a brutal yet refreshingly honest portrayal of how aboriginal tribes are overcome by new superior civilisations – from the American Indians to the Ancient Britons the story is much the same. And one of seeds of an older and archaic society’s demise is the willingness of some of its rejected members to see the advantages of siding with the new force. His son Nwoye and the efulefu (or rejected men) sign up to Mr Brown’s Christianised and Europeanised vision of their future. They see it as the future – just as Protestants rejected Roman Catholism in the 17^th century in some European nations – the new religion was seen as a loosening of social ties and an opening up of the economy by overthrowing the old order.

Mesmerising stories

In a series of mesmerising and vidid stories we also learn about the extraordinary world of the people of Umofia in south eastern Nigeria in the 1890s. There’s the masked Gods in village ceremonies, the feasts, the marriage ceremonies, the yam harvest, the death cult, the sacred python and stories which constantly link the natural world with the living world and with the world of the living with the world of the dead.

Published in 1958 the novel is considered to be one of the best narratives of modern Africa due to its honest portrayal of the dramatic change from the high status of independent tribal society to colonial subservient. It portrays the struggle of change and of those who wish to keep things as they are, of the strength of communities, of the overbearing status of masculine dominated society, of the importance of tradition and of the need to understand those with differing views and cultures. But it also falls into the style of the Western novel. In terms of the construction there’s an inevitability in the eventual demise of the central character akin to the priest in Graham Greene’s The Power and the Glory or Evelyn Waugh’s Paul Pennyfeather in Decline and Fall. But first the protagonist must be set a sequence of events to test his metal and to open a window into his world

Thus each step of Okonkwo’s story is sketched with great skill to reveal more about his personality and to balance the narrative with aspects of life and culture in West Africa. We learn about the importance of growing yams and how Okonkwo values the crop and of growing them successfully in the difficult climate when the rains may be delayed. And we also discover more about Okonkwo’s personality – his deplorable attitude to his wives – he beats regularly and even takes a gun to his wife Ojiugo for a misdemeanour during the so-called week of peace.

Men and youths fight
There is the wrestling match in chapter six on the ilo – a sort of arena cleared for sporting occasions in the village – where we discover the warrior core at the heart of village life. Men and youths fight to reveal their masculinity and dominance within the clan “their muscles on their arms and thighs and on their backs stood out and twitched” which also provided mass entertainment as it does in all cultures: “…the really exciting moments were when a man was thrown. The huge voice of the crowd then rose to the sky…

If his acts of violence towards his children and his wives is bad we see the extremes of his violence in his role as executioner of the hostage Ikemefuna. Despite a guarded warning from Ogbuefi Ezeudu – a village elder he should not be involved in the crime – he still persists in the murder – despite his affection for the boy. He dislikes his oldest son Nwoye who he feels is womanly and even worse lazy like his grandfather Unoka – and of course his son is one of the first to transfer his loyalties to the missionaries.

His softer side is revealed through his affection for the hostage Ikemefuna who (symbolically) is more like his idea of a man – and for his daughter Ezinma – who understands him and supports him after his return from exile despite his inability to see how his clan has changed. She is in some ways the son he wished he had had – and admits he wishes Ezinma was a man. Ezinma is the only person who brings out Okonkwo’s more personal side due to her understanding of his persona.

Encroaching white colonials

We see two sides of the encroaching missionaries and white colonists through the characters of Mr Brown and the Reverend James Smith and later The District Commissioner. Mr Brown reasons with the tribes and opens a dialogue with the natives – but is seen as a fool and as weak by most of them. He successfully recruits converts through this more enlightened policy but when he dies it is the uncompromising side of white rule which takes hold.

Again Achebe gives a balanced feel to the story of colonialism – demonstrating the mutual incompatibility of two contrasting cultures. This failure of dialogue and of understanding is at the heart of the story when by the end things really do fall apart.

Harry Mottram

Notes:

Things Fall Apart is an English-language novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe (1930-2013) published in 1958. Wikipedia says “It is a staple book in schools throughout Africa and widely read and studied in English-speaking countries around the world.”

It is published in paperback by Penguin. BBC Sounds features the book here: https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00bw51n

There is an obituary at https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/mar/22/chinua-achebe

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Sun 2 June. Book Club: Our take on the Howard Jacobson’s Jewish comedy novel

The Finkler Question. By Howard Jacobson.

There’s a scene in Woody Allen’s Annie Hall when he appears to show a sort of paranoia about being a Jew. Everywhere he goes he’s convinced people are picking on him as one the Children of Israel. It’s kind of funny – and is the same theme used as the thread to link together the characters in The Finkler Question. We join Julian Treslove’s journey into the world of Jewishness through a plate glass window and bloodied nose when he’s assaulted after a night out. A half heard comment by the female mugger “you ju” stirs Howard Jacobson’s mild mannered protagonist into searching for the Jewishness in himself via his Jewish friends – that despite the fact he’s not kosher himself. The friends: Sam Finkler and Libor Sevcik provide the other two main characters along with their (now dead) wives Tyler and Malkie and Julian’s estranged wives and two sons.

Essentially the comic novel is a triangular series of thoughts and conversations between Julian and the other characters as he tries to convince himself of his potential Jewishness. It’s set partly in the present and recent past – as well as a number of memory flashbacks that seek to enlighten Julian’s identity crisis. It’s very funny in places with lots of brilliant punchlines and lots of comic insights into Judaism. Every aspect of the religion is turned over from circumcision, the place of rabbis, Jewish mothers and of course Israel and the debate about the conduct of the country founded after the Holocaust. It’s a sort of everything-you-wanted-to-know-about-Jews but were afraid to ask sort of book.

The structure aside the novel is also Howard Jacobson’s way to examine the lives of the trio of men in the story and how they relate to each other. Their friendship, their loves, families, self-examination, their betrayal and kinship. It’s gentle, chuckle inducing and an insight into metro-jewish life.

Published in 2010 the novel won the Man Booker prize that year and is available in paperback and hardback at all good book shops or online.

Harry Mottram

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Rapscallion Magazine Book Review: Northanger Abbey, by Jane Austen

Part Gothic send-up, part coming of age bildungsroman novel and part romance, Jane Austen’s account of Catherine Moreland’s faulting social steps is enjoyable in her excruciating naivety. If we all look back at our early and middle teens there will be plenty of things we did which we regret and now feel extremely embarrassed about. Catherine Moreland may not have thrown up all over the Allens’ sofa after knocking back a half bottle of vodka or got into a fight with a policeman over parking her sedan chair in a disabled bay, but she is splendidly unprepared for what is to befall her due to her head being full of gothic fantasies.

The sequence with the boastful John Thorpe in Bath, her introduction to the crammed Assembly Rooms where sharp elbows are needed just to find a seat and her hesitant steps with her introduction to Henry Tilney give such a vivid account of life in the city in the turn of the 18^th and 19^th centuries to make it essential reading for Bathonians interested in that era.

I confess I began the novel some time ago and put it aside before revisiting it many months later which in a way reflected how the story was written by Jane Austen. According to her sister Casandra she began the novel in 1794 or earlier and completed it in 1789 which might account for the way the narrative falls into two sections. First Catherine, who is described as being ‘almost pretty’ at the age of 15 and by 17 she ‘was in training to be a heroine’ having read all the books about heroines so as to be prepared for this fantasy. In Bath however the bubble of romance is pricked by the harsh realities of trying to catch the eye of a handsome hero or even to have a conversation with the social climbers at the Assembly Rooms as she enters with Mrs Allen. She meets the fickle Isobella who raves about the latest Gothic novel – the Mysteries of Udolpho – and innocent Catherine is quickly dominated by her over confident new friend and  ingénue who (no spoilers) is later a great disappointment.

Invited to stay at her newfound other and more reliable friends Eleanor and Henry Tilneys at Northanger Abbey for a few weeks we enter part two of the novel. And although Catherine’s character remains wonderfully susceptible to Henry’s teasing and her own wild imagination there is a slightly darker tone as she becomes convinced Mrs Tilney was done away with by General Tilney in one of the Abbey’s many secret rooms. Her imagination of this scary theory is in marked contrast with the social suicide of and social ambitions of those around her which are far more brutal. There’s the all-round rotter John Thorpe’s meddling, Isobella’s ruthless manoeuvring to find a rich husband and General Tilney’s obsession with status and money.

Amusing, insightful and full of the realities of everyday life. The final pages seem to be something of a rush as Jane Austen ties up the various strands and manages to find a happy resolution for Catherine as her Gothic imaginations are exorcised in this coming-of-age story where finally she… comes of age.

Harry Mottram

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Rapscallion Magazine Book Reviews: Escaping the Spanish Civil War

By Harry Mottram: It only feels now some 85 years later that Spain is finally coming to terms with the civil war of 1936-1939 and in particular its ghastly aftermath.
Franco’s Nationalist fascist anti-democratic forces eventually outgunned the divided Republican army with help from Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.
What followed was a further horror show with thousands of Republican troops and sympathisers murdered, imprisoned of set to work in concentration camps. There was to be no reconciliation until the 1970s when eventually Franco died and his successor King Carlos ushered in democracy.
One only has to look at other European nations that have been racked by civil war to see how difficult it is to secure a lasting peace and to bring the warring factions together with Greece in 1945 as a classic example. The break up of Yugoslavia in the 1990s may have created new states but they are still a loaded and primed AK47 away from firing at each other today. And in Armenia, Georgia and Ukraine the military might of Russian refuses to allow those countries to fully resolve long lasting inner conflicts. So it is no surprise that in Spain the divisions have continued through the generations.
In Winter in Madrid by CJ Sansom, the Spanish Civil War has ended but the Second World War has begun and the British Government are concerned Franco’s newly established regime will side with the triumphant powers of Germany and Italy. Afterall Britain is alone in a fight against the Axis powers.
Post civil war Spain is seen through the eyes of injured British soldier Harry Brett who is sent to Madrid to work as a spy and to find out if the Spaniards are about to strike it rich with a gold mine.
We travel the war damaged streets of the capital, enter unheated and semi-derelict apartments and feel the damp chill of Madrid in winter – but also the misery of a damaged and divided country.
Winter in Madrid is essentially the relationships of three former public school boys caught up in the conflict. Harry is on a mission to check out the collaborationist Sandy, while Communist fighter and now prisoner Bernie Piper hopes for freedom – which eventually comes in the form of his girlfriend Barbara who is living unhappily with moneybags Sandy.
It seemed a different story towards the final third of the novel as the action builds to what we assume will be Bernie’s great escape, but a pantomime villain in the form of a Spanish general, Barbara’s nemesis Sandy and Harry’s girlfriend Sofia all meeting their fates one dark night in a Spanish village pushed reality into a melodrama. The epilogue sees Harry, Bernie and Barbara back in Blitey after the war leading rather unsatisfactory lives – rather like the ending of the novel which had set out with so much promise.
Although an autobiographical account of his experience in the Spanish Civil War George Orwell’s Homage to Catalonia reads like a thriller as he recounts his time as a volunteer in the International Brigade.
Some of the most enthralling pages are his description of trying to stay ahead of the Communist authorities of the United Socialist Party of Catalonia controlled by Russia as they round up and kill members of The Workers’ Party of Marxist Unification (POUM) who opposed Stalinist communism.
As a member of the UK’s Independent Labour Party Orwell was involved in the street fighting in Barcelona with POUM and only narrowly escaped to France with his wife Eileen – who in reality managed to get them both out of the country as the Republican cause imploded.
In Wifedom: Mrs Orwell’s Invisible Life by Anna Funder published this year we learn about how Eileen was instrumental in supporting Orwell in Spain and typing up his manuscript and caring for him when he was wounded.
We get another account of the war in Spain in Ernest Hemingway’s For Whom The Bell Tolls which I read some years ago with the book club and so had a quick refresh of the novel to see any parallels.
The story focuses on American Robert Jordan who as part of a Republican guerilla unit is ordered to blow up a bridge to slow the Nationalists. It vividly depicts the brutality of the war and the ruthless nature of the rebels who are willing to oust and kill rival members of the Republicans in a desperate bid to inflict carnage on the victorious forces of Franco. In that respect it echoes some aspects of the other books but is constructed and narrated more effectively than Sansom’s novel with a first hand feel since the author was a reporter in Spain at the time. Orwell’s first person account is the most vivid.

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Right Ho, Jeeves. By PG Wodehouse. Review.

mistaken identity and Betram Wooster’s cock-eyed attempts at match making. With white mess jackets, newts, God’s daisy chain, hangover cures and the splendidly named list of characters handily introduced on page one the bumbling 1934 comic novel is a delight.

They is cousin Angela Travers who has an on off engagement with Tuppy Glossop; Gussie Fink-Nottle whose love of newts restricts his romantic liaisons with Madeline Bassett; Aunt Dahlia of Brinkley Court, her husband Tom and her chef the temperamental Anatole. At the heart of the novel is the battle of wits between Bertie Wooster and Jeeves as they both in their own opposite ways attempt to aid Cupid’s arrow shooting to its romantic heart.

Using a rich usage of imagery from booze to horse racing, and newly created words and phrases like ‘oom beroofen’ and ‘Gawd-help-us-ness’ the story told in the first person allows the reader to inhabit the mindset of protagonist Bertie whose muddle thoughts set up the plot with its continual failures as he tries to create romantic harmony. His inspirational thinking often occurs off the cuff or after a snifter – and of course the ideas aren’t thought through which makes the consequences so enjoyable. There’s his dictate not to eat Anatole’s legendary food to Aunt Dahlia so as to gain Tom’s attentions and to Tuppy to win over Angela – which of course backfire with Anatole handing in his notice in disgust.

There’s a wonderful exchange of telegrams – Edwardian England’s equivalent to emails – between Aunt Dahlia and Bertie – in which he fails to register the urgency of her message ‘Come at once, Travers’ which she follows up when he replies ‘Perplexed. Explain. Bertie,’ with ‘What on earth is there to be perplexed about, ass? Come at once. Travers.’

And there’s the brilliant misunderstanding between Bertie and Madeline when his attempts to find out about her true feelings ends with him accidently proposing marriage. And my favourite scene when he gets teetotal Gussie drunk ahead of a school speech day in which Gusssie is to give out the prizes to the boys of Market Snodsbury Grammar School. It’s high comedy as first Gussie clashes with the first speaker and after a rambling speech concludes with the lines, “As Shakespeare says, there are sermons in books, stones in the running brooks, or, rather, the other way about, and there you have it in a nutshell.”

Escapism perhaps, an Edwardian England devoid of reality outside the world of the idle rich probably, a send up of the class system as a communist text possibly, but essentially a timeless comedy written with warmth and a completeness of style rarely achieved. And I haven’t even mentioned the midnight cycle ride. Pip, pip. Tip top.

Harry Mottram

Notes

Two years before the publication of Right Ho, Jeeves, another comic novel was published which has never been out of print since. Cold Comfort Farm, by Stella Gibbons, has been a favourite for successive generations as it follows the life of orphan Flora Poste when she goes to live with some odd ball folk on Cold Comfort Farm. The phrase there’s ‘something nasty in the woodshed,’ became engraved into popular culture.

Scoop, by Evelyn Waugh, published in 1938, is another comic novel of the era as it sends naive William Boot by mistake off to a war zone in Abyssinia. But Waugh’s earlier novel, Vile Bodies, lampoons in a satire the ‘bright young things’ or rather the ‘dumb young rich things’ of Bertie Wooster’s generation.

Rapscallion Magazine is an online publication edited by Harry Mottram

Harry is a freelance journalist. Follow him on Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube etc

Email:harryfmottram@gmail.com
Website:www.harrymottram.co.uk

Mobile: 07789 864769

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Book Review. Emil and the Detectives by Erich Kastner
There’s an element of what could have been in Erich Kastner’s 1929 novel Emil and the Detectives set in Berlin.
Germany’s capital city is busy, noisy and modern with its trams, motorcars and shops. A city at peace and at odds at how we are supposed to see between the wars Berlin.
It’s a city where hyper inflation, violent Nazis, injured soldiers, communist agitators and nationalism don’t exist. Instead it is a city of business, of hotels, policemen and children playing in the street.
If only Germany had not descended into the madness of Hitler’s ideology – how Europe might have been.
Emil represents all that is good in humanity. Honest, loyal, respectful and positive as well has keen to help his mother and catch the thief who has stolen his cash.
And he is helped by dozens of children who want to help and see trying to catch a thief as the best sort of adventures where adults are less important then them as they take charge and organise the trapping of the robber.

Kastner opposed the Nazis and remained in Germany throughout the war and despite being condemned by the regime as undesirable he survived the horrors by keeping his head down.
Incredibly he witnessed his own books being burnt by the Nazis although Emil and the Detectives was not banned mainly due to its popularity.
Harry Mottram

The novel has been made into a film at least twice and was published in English by Puffin Books.

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Review: Half of a Yellow Sun, by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

Rapscallion Magazine Book Review: an epic story set during the Biafran war of independence where truth is fiction and fiction is truth in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s novel Half of a Yellow Sun

Those of a certain age will recall the Biafran war of independence in the 1960s when images of starving children filled the pages of newspapers and Sunday colour supplements. It was a horrific war in West Africa’s Nigeria when hundreds of thousands died not from bullets or missiles but starved to death as the Nigerian army slowly strangled the fledgling state to surrender. The sickening starvation witnessed by Olanna in a camp where children were ‘naked, their taut globes that were their bellies,’ and where a dead mother with her baby clinging to her is dragged away by her hands and ankles may be fiction but it is also true as the media in the late 60s covered the horrors of starvation.

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s depiction of the media in the form of overweight American journalists in her novel Half of a Yellow Sun depict the only representatives of the fourth estate as shallow racist bigots who are interested in peripheral stories such as the death of one white man rather than the tragedy of war. It was the one point in the novel where the truth was partly fictionalised as there was extensive and empathetic coverage by the international media at the time with numerous eye witness accounts from Biafra – especially by European reporters.

That grouch aside Half of a Yellow Sun is an epic story of several characters who represent different aspects of those caught up in the war. Ugwu is the young servant who matures into a responsible adult and is the backbone of the narrative. Olanna and Kainene represent different sides of twin sisters – social minded Olanna the lover of Biafran Odenigbo a Professor of Mathematics – and business minded Kainene the lover of Richard Churchill an Englishman trying to find himself in Africa. All are decent people who are all affected in different ways by the war with none escaping completely the horrors.

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie successfully blends her fiction with fact giving a vivid account of the war through the lives of the characters. Much of the time the war is in the background and creeps up on the protagonists while they are distracted by their private lives. But it all starts before the war when only hints of what is to come are slipped into their lives – but as war approaches Richard muses, “it was as if the people of this city with the tall whistling pins wanted to grab all they could before the war robbed them of choices.”

A striking aspect is the way the privileged lives of Olanna and Odenigbo and their social circle in the opening chapters are descripted. Swimming pools, tennis clubs and drinks at the club – so in contrast to the lives of their servants like Ugwu and his circle that included his ailing mother and various relatives. Olanna is concerned about class and social status and worries about moving house that: “She hoped Professor Achara had found them accommodation close to other university people so that Baby would have the right kind of children to play with.” Such a divide between rich and poor from the jet setting academics and Government officials to the lives of most Nigerians – the Igbo, Hausa-Fulani or Yoruba who are encouraged to set upon each other by cynical politicians and members of the military – is stark.

Essentially much of Nigeria (especially in the north) is dominated by the ethic Hausa, Fulani and Yoruba who largely are Muslims and have different traditions and languages to the Igbos who live mainly in the south and east of the country and by tradition are largely Christian. It’s a story of ethnic cleansing and genocide prompted by vested interests’ ambitious groups in the army and political groups after power and wealth. And also once the war starts by the likes of the former colonial masters of the British Government, but also America, Russia and petrochemical firms who sided with Nigeria fearing the loss of the oil rich lands of the south to the Biafrans.

It is a very readable and gripping novel and down to earth with its descriptions of the characters’ inner thoughts, their sex lives, their habits and what food they like. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie also gives much insight into the languages of the country and how inflections, accents and status allow people to judge others – a bit like we do in England.

Half of a Yellow Sun flips back and forth in time to give a sense of the impending doom and to illustrate the post-colonial world where the inheritors of Nigeria seemingly mimic their former British rulers’ lifestyles. From the news of the first miliary coup led by Igbo army officers in 1967 to the army uniforms complete with the Biafran symbol of half a yellow sun on their tunics to the bedraggled and dirty conscripts as the Nigerian forces close in it’s a story well told and essential reading for anyone wishing to understand the country post colonialism in general.

One reviewer spoke of a long-forgotten war – but Biafra hasn’t gone away – Biafra continues to lobby for independence to this day.

Harry Mottram

Half of a Yellow Sun was adapted into a film in 2013 directed by Biyi Bandele as an Anglo Nigeria production.

Half of a Yellow Sun was chosen by the Four Seasons Axbridge Book Club to discuss on February 27, 2023.

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie gave the first of four 2022 Reith Lectures on freedom, looking at what freedom of speech means for the BBC in 2022. See https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m001fmtz

Rapscallion Magazine is an online publication edited by Harry Mottram

Harry is a freelance journalist. Follow him on Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube etc

Email:harryfmottram@gmail.com
Website:www.harrymottram.co.uk

Mobile: 07789 864769

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Book Review. the End of the World Running Club by Adrian J Walker: Set in the future after the world is partly destroyed by meteors we follow protagonist Ed as he tries to reach Cornwall from Edinburgh on foot through an apocalyptic landscape of burnt out cities and destroyed countryside.

The main attraction of the novel is to see if he and his band of survivors can make it as they have one adventure after another.

Escaping from violent gangs, attacked by gun toting survivors and battling to find food and water they become more desperate as the world we know disappears.

It became rather predictable with each character telling their ‘how I came to be here’ story as well as the relentless notes on feeling puffed out from running. The only main female character is not fleshed out despite her role in keeping them all alive while Ed spends his time telling us how tired he is and what a bad father he became.

The main irritation was with Ed who wasn’t an easy character to like with his self-pitying personality. One aspect of the novel is you ask yourself what would I do and think in the same situation? I’m not sure I’d join a running club but possibly spend time re-establishing a supply of clean water and connecting up power like those who have to pick up the pieces after an earthquake. Let’s hope those meteors don’t come crashing to earth and sending humanity the way of the dinosaurs as the world in Adrian J Walker’s The End of The World Running Club is rather grim while the characters are even worse.

Harry Mottram

For details for the work of the journalist Harry Mottram visit www.harrymottram.co.uk and follow him on FaceBook, Twitter as @HarryThe Spiv, Instagram, YouTube and God knows where else!

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Rapscallion Magazine Book Review: from a grey and depressed post war London to flood hit Florence Sarah Winman’s Still Life covers interconnected lives in the middle of the 20th century – but speech marks are absent making conversations hard to follow at times

Book Review, Still Life by Sarah Winman: A novel that spans the decades from Wartime Italy to Post War London and the1966 floods of Florence and a novel without a plot but a set of interconnecting lives.
Evelyn Skinner and Ulysses Temper meet during the war – she in her 60s and he a younger soldier. Reunited later in their love of art in the north Italian city the story of their separate lives are played out with a host of characters.
There’s the pub that Ulysses gravitates to on his return to England – The Stoat – with its ragged VE bunting, its creaky pub sign and and its regulars ‘huddled around the hearth exactly as he’d left them: same faces less teeth.’
The conversations featuring Ulysses and his estranged wife Peg, barman Col and Piano Pete are witty and fast moving if at times hard to follow as Winman chose not use speech marks. call me old fashioned but I like punctuation.
Still Life captures in detail several specific periods of mid 20th century life. Post war London in particular with its smells of coal dust and cough syrup its bomb sites and dimly lit streets.
The characters are drawn in detail through their actions as much as their words in novel I found hard to really get stuck into due to its episodic nature despite its broad canvas.
Harry Mottram

For details for the work of the journalist Harry Mottram visit www.harrymottram.co.uk and follow him on FaceBook, Twitter as @HarryThe Spiv, Instagram, YouTube and God knows where else!

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Rapscallion Magazine Book Review: Alex Michaelides’ The Silent Patient and the unreliable narrator – a device that keeps the reader guessing to the end

The Silent Patient by Alex Michaelides. Review.

We are all unreliable narrators. That amazing holiday we enjoyed, our wonderful wedding and those photos of our perfect lifestyle played out on social media are not the truth but an edited version of what happened. It is part of being human to hide the truth and to spin a version of our lives so as to give everyone the version we want them to believe. And so it is in a novel – we see the world through the protagonist’s eyes only to begin to question their version – and in the case of Alex Michaelides’ The Silent Patient – the truth comes too late as by then we have bought into the narrator’s version.

There are hints of course as Theo Faber in The Silent Patient is quite certain that Alicia Berenson is a murderer, that his motivation to discover the truth of her husband’s death becomes an obsession to the point that he goes against the orders of his employers at The Grove. Written in the first person The Silent Patient is a whodunnit psychological thriller in which the truth is only revealed in the final pages in the spirit of Agatha Christie’s masterpiece The Murder of Roger Ackroyd.

Theo Faber is fascinated by the murder of Alicia Berenson’s husband and decides to take a job at the hospital where she has been confined after being sentenced following her trial and conviction for the murder of her husband. She hasn’t spoken a word since the suspected murder and he is determined to find the truth and make her speak. The ingenious plot construction ensures the reader is given a series of false clues as the narrator deliberately disguises his version of the story in the best traditions of the unreliable narrator. And yet the finale is there from the beginning in a play Alicia had seen shortly before her husband’s death, the Greek tragedy Alcestis. Just to make sure we don’t miss the clue Alicia leaves the play’s title on the canvas of her last painting. Of course, the skill of the novelist manipulates the reader in ignoring this ‘in plain sight’ riddle.

Alex Michaelides uses a number of devices to keep us guessing. If we have inklings about Theo’s story then we also get an alternative view of events through Alicia’s diary. Is she also being entirely honest? As Theo investigates her family we get a series of possibilities about what may have happened and there is the sub plot of his relationship with his wife. All neatly sown together to give a suspenseful and page-turning thriller. I for one had to read it to the end one night as in the best traditions of whonunnits I had to find out what happened – which for me proves the quality of the book. Yes you can pick holes in the plot afterwards and question motives and realities but by then the job of the writer is done.

In Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day, the butler Stevens relates the story of his service to the fascist sympathising aristocrat Lord Darlington and his suppressed affection for the housekeeper Miss Kenton. He denies his own feelings for her and of how his devotion to duty of his employer has affectively compromised much of his life. It’s a feeling many feel in the autumn years of their lives as they realise they have not lived a full life and have related their experiences as unreliable narrators as they didn’t want to reveal their true thoughts.

Julian Barnes’ A Sense of an Ending follows the obsessive Tony Webster who is keen to extract vengeance on a slight by a friend which eventually reveals the pettiness of the narrator. His version is about his quest to find out what happened to the woman he once wanted to love in a mission that had a twist in the end after his vindictiveness is revealed despite the way he slanted the story.

The Last King of Scotland’s narrator Nicholas Garrigan in Giles Foden’s novel in which the protagonist Giles (a doctor) works for the Ugandan dictator General Amin but is oblivious to the brutality of the regime as he portrays his life in the nightmare of the East African nation which is at odds with the realities. It’s this very denial and misrepresentation that so grips the reader in this case as we know the truth.

In Garrigan’s novel we are gripped because we know his protagonist is mistaken, while in Ishiguro’s story of Stevens we are not so sure about his thoughts until he slowly reveals how institutionalised he has become. As for Theo, well he is the most plausible of narrators because he is a professional criminal psychotherapist who we feel we can trust, while Alicia is clearly an unhinged artist. But that’s the trick – to give the reader enough clues to place doubts in the mind and take us on a journey where the final destination is only revealed at the end.

Harry Mottram

For details for the work of the journalist Harry Mottram visit www.harrymottram.co.uk

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RAPSCALLION MAGAZINE BOOK REVIEW: Maggie O’Farrell’s Hamnet – a re-imagining of the lives of the Shakespeares of Stratford-upon-Avon with the focus on William’s mysterious wife Agnes (Anne Hathaway)

Hamnet by Maggie O’Farrell
For a novel that imagines the lives of William and Anne Shakespeare and their only son Hamnet it’s a bit odd that the playwright is only referred to as a father, husband or groom.
It’s a puzzle as everyone else from the neighbours to the rest of the extended family are named and described in detail. It is as though the author Maggie O’Farrell was in denial that Shakespeare was a famous writer or someone of significance. In interviews she said she was reclaiming the family of Shakespeare from the shadow of its most famous member. Methinks there’s a touch of literary revisionism at play.
Following her research it became clear that Hamlet and Hamnet were apparently inter-changeable as were Anne and Agnes allowing O’Farrell to imply Shakespeare’s play of Hamlet was a result in part of his mourning for his son Hamnet (1585-1596) and for Anne or rather Agnes to be something different from the Anne Hathaway of the second best bed and the picture perfect cottage.

It also allowed her to fictionalise the rest of the family as there is very little historical detail of the lives of the Shakespeares with only the patriarch John having much in the way of records – and those relate to his downfall from civic alderman due to his illegal trading in wool. In O’Farrell’s world Shakespeare’s father John becomes a violent tyrant and his mother a kind if compliant woman in a troubled family where everyone is in fear of John’s authoritarian rages. Indeed the novel begins with poor confused Hamnet feeling the wrath of his grandfather as he seeks help as his twin Judith falls ill. Hamnet’s tragically short life is only part of the novel as the main narrative follows that of his mother.

Agnes is in tune with nature owning a hawk and able to use herbs and wild plants for therapies and is most at home in the woods and fields of Warwickshire. Her brief union with Shakespeare results in a shotgun wedding. She is much more than just the wife of William but in O’Farrell’s hands a far more interesting character. Indeed it’s her suggestion that William should move to London to pursue his acting career – prompting the thought that without her William Shakespeare would have only amounted to be a bored Latin teacher – whereas she realised London would set his creativity free.

The detail of life in 16th century Stratford-upon-Avon is exquisite. Hamnet is an education in the business of rural glove-making in a world centuries before the industrial revolution. And it is also the domestic arrangements with the cooking, washing and childcare that fills the novel with rich detail.
There are a number of set pieces which I found gripping and page turning, but I’ll pick two. The first is the numbing grief of Agnes as she attends the funeral of their son Hamnet. It’s not a spoiler alert as we all know Hamnet dies at the age of eleven of some form of plague. “For Agnes, the walk to the graveyard is both slow and too fast. She cannot bear the rows and rows of peering eyes, raking over them, sealing an image of her son’s shrouded body inside their lids, thieving that essence of him.” She describes the grave as being a ‘shock’ a ‘rip in the earth’ but how Hamnet would have loved the patch of earth in which he was to be buried. And of how the father carries the body through the streets of the town his face full or tears and of sweat with the family following on behind as the townsfolk line the way crossing themselves as they pass in fear they could be next.

Then there is her journey to London five years later to see the play Hamlet. A journey which she almost fails to make, as she is spooked by the large crowds. As she watches the drama she is shocked to hear the name of Hamlet spoken. “To hear that name, out of the mouths of people she’s never known and will never know, and used for an old dead king: Agnes cannot understand this. Why would her husband have done this?”
It’s a question often asked by the families and friends of a writer. But this is what writers do. They take some of their most vivid experiences and use them as material. The most vivid experiences are nearly always the most personal such as the death of child. And with just a few adjustments pour them out onto the page such as Hamnet for Hamlet.
Harry Mottram

Hamnet won the Women’s Prize for Fiction, and in December 2020, Emily Temple of Literary Hub reported that the novel had made 15 lists of the best books of 2020. It was also longlisted for the 2021 Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction.

For details for the work of the journalist Harry Mottram visit www.harrymottram.co.uk

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RAPSCALLION MAGAZINE Book Review – domestic abuse, unhelpful nuns and good women triumphing over bad men – Kathryn Hughes’ self-published best seller The Letter may be simplistic in style but has a finely crafted plot and a cliff hanger at the end of every chapter

It’s easy to be snooty about Kathryn Hughes’ simplistic writing style. Whether it’s the ‘I can see them coming in advance’ plot twists, the easy to read narrative or the unlikely dialogue in which the characters spill out their stories in such detail they run more like essays, there’s no denying the craftsmanship of her plot lines. And that’s her skill as she interweave the lives of her characters through time and unlikely coincidences, plus the good v evil themes in which good women triumph over bad men. They are the reasons why The Letter is a best seller. It’s a paired down story with the minimum of description, not too many pages and cliff hangers at the end of each chapter.

The story of two women 30 years apart linked by an unposted letter also reflects social attitudes and prejudices to sex before marriage, parental control and religious bigotry in the 1930s and 1970s in the UK. We meet hostile nuns, obstreperous librarians, a drunken husband and bigoted men, while on the other hand the story takes in helpful old ladies, a kindly betting shop manager and concerned office colleagues. A supporting cast are saints or villains – two dimensional maybe but helpful to keep the plot ticking over.

In her matter of fact style Kathryn Hughes makes the reader want to grab some of those characters and shake some common sense into them such is their blindness to their actions. Which of course is part of her winning technique otherwise the story would end rather early.

For those of a certain age the sections set during the 1970s have an almost nostalgic feel with its power cuts, electric bar heaters and only three channels on the TV. And an era when charity shops were filled with classic suits, retro dresses and army great coats beloved by students – all for a few pence. From pre-war Britain to a post war world before the internet and mobile phones make searches for lost relatives so much easier compared to the restrictions of the era of James Callaghan and Edward Heath of British Leyland and Ford Capris in which the story is set.

The main protagonist Tina begins a journey in distance and character maturing along the way as she discovers more to life than her abusive husband and her office job. A sort of modern fairy tale like those American Christmas films on Channel 5 in which you know roughly what may happen but the way the story unfolds keeps you hooked to the happy ever after finale.

Harry Mottram

For details for the work of the journalist Harry Mottram visit www.harrymottram.co.uk

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Or email him at harryfmottram@gmail.com

For more about the author visit https://kathrynhughesauthor.com/

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RAPSCALLION MAGAZINE BOOK REVIEW: sex, secrets and violence – and a coming of age neo-Gothic mystery set within the shadow of Franco’s Spain in The Shadow of the Wind by Carlo Ruiz Zafon

The Shadow of the Wind by Carlos Ruiz Zafon

Teenager Daniel Sempere is the beneficiary of continuous advice from man-of-the-world and latter day lothario a delightfully naughty Fermín Romero de Torres. Saved from a life on the streets and given a job in Daniel’s father’s book shop Fermín is a veteran of the Spanish Civil War haunted by a violent past and in fear of Police Inspector Francisco Fumero. Once his life is recovered he takes to going to the cinema where he falls in love with the screen Goddesses of the late 1940s and 1950s. And with his movie star looks and ‘sleuth-like instincts… attributed to delirious fantasies,’ he imparts the facts of life and lust to the young Daniel.

“Nobody knows much about women, not even Freud, not even women themselves. But it’s electricity: you don’t know how it works until you get a shock,” he says to Daniel.

And it would seem so does the author Carlo Ruiz Zafon as the women are in the main are beautifully described but lacking in much depth. There’s the beautiful Clara, blind and unattainable to the young Daniel, there’s beautiful Bea who gives up her fiancé for bookish Daniel, there’s beautiful Penelope Julian Carax’s lover and half-sister and there’s beautiful Nuria a former lover of Julian: a clear pattern of beautiful women populating the story which is driven by men. A coincidence? A reflection of the times the novel is set in? Or how the advertising copywriter and Hollywood screenwriter Carlos Ruiz Zafon sees women? I’m not so sure but methinks the screenwriter in Carlos sees his nubile female characters helping to visually market a film version should it be made one day.

The neo-Gothic mystery is set in the back streets of 1940s and 1950s Barcelona as the protagonist Daniel sets out to solve the puzzle of why the books of obscure writer Julian Carax keep disappearing. By chance he has chosen one of Carax’s novels The Shadow of the Wind when he’s taken to The Cemetery of Forgotten books by his dad. The random choice of the book is key to the story as it’s very rare. He is offered good money for the volume and is threatened by a shadowy stranger called Lain Coubert who is keen to get his hands on it in what turns out to be a somewhat unlikely plot. And so the narrative begins with Daniel on a page by page search to solve the mystery of why Carax’s books are becoming so unobtainable.

Daniel’s nerdy obsession with books and Carax in particular is given a forensic questioning characteristic by the author as he interrogates sets out to find the truth. He questions a 60-year-old female caretaker in order to gain access to a locked apartment linked to Carax. And as a teen detective he cross questions Carax’s ex the femme fatale Nuria Monfort in a way that would be approved of any investigative journalist.

Apart from the protagonist Daniel, and antagonist Fumero, and worldly-wise Fermin there’s a host of supporting characters who are inter-related to the plot and the discovery of why Carax’s books are disappearing. The chief amongst these characters is Barcelona itself with its dilapidated buildings and shops still suffering from the civil war that had ended just six years before. We read of how ‘the steely sun snatched copper reflections from the roofs and belfries of the Gothic Quarter,’ in a ‘maze of streets’ that are ‘hidden behind old Roman walls, and ‘holes left by machine gun fire during the war pockmark the church walls.’

After the long and detailed search the final chapters leap forward into the 1950s and 1960s as a sort of epilogue allowing us to understand what became of the various characters. The bulk of the novel is the detailed search for answers in the novel written in the first person by Daniel. Thankfully though Daniel is not just a lost-author-detective but is also made of flesh and blood. We learn of his passion for Clara with her ‘naked body lay stretched out on white sheets that shone like silk,’ and how he was filled with a ‘painful desire to kiss’ Nuria and begins his love affair with Bea over a kiss in the Cemetery of Lost Books.

As the mystery of the disappearing books unravels the novel reaches a climax bringing the main characters together, as the policeman Fumero, Carax and Daniel violently confront each other in a desperate struggle. Which was also one of the most convincing action scenes in the story – if only there could have been a bit more violence it might have helped. No spoilers other than to say if you love a Gothic and lavishly described mystery unwinding in the streets of post war Barcelona in 500 pages then The Shadow of the Wind is for you. I just wish the novel had been written through the eyes of the raffish Fermín Romero de Torres as it would have been much more fun and with a lot more wine, women and song.

Harry Mottram

For details for the work of the journalist Harry Mottram visit www.harrymottram.co.uk

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Or email him at harryfmottram@gmail.com

The author has written a quarter of novels set in Spain:

• La sombra del viento, 2001 (The Shadow of the Wind)
• El juego del ángel, 2008 (The Angel’s Game)
• El prisionero del cielo, 2011 (The Prisoner of Heaven)
• El laberinto de los espíritus, 2017 (The Labyrinth of Spirits)

RAPSCALLION MAGAZINE BOOK REVIEW: looking back at an end of Empire life through the eyes of lawyer Filth (failed in London try Hong Kong)

He was spectacularly clean, runs the opening line in Jane Gardam’s novel – sharply in contrast with Edward Feather’s nickname of Filth. And the reluctant protagonist keeps it clean rejecting teenage sex, his golf-mad aunts, his father and the community he eventually retires to in Dorset.

A loner, a lawyer, a judge and a man of Empire spelt with a small ‘E’. After his mother dies in Malaya he’s initially brought up by locals before being sent to England by his father for life with relatives and boarding schools before the Second World War. Jane Gardam’s skill is illustrating moments in his life with brevity and vividness that captures a changing world of District Officers in the Raj, cold showers in prep school, outrageous snobbery about the Welsh and trains packed with soldiers singing Roll out the Barrel.

On reading a letter about his childhood from Claire he sums up one aspect of the novel – that of looking back and realising where you are in life. He says to himself: “I am old at last, he thought. I should be cold too. But I am casting off the coldness of youth and putting on the maudlin armour of dotage.”

When as a small child he is removed from the arms of a Malay family to be sent to England for education he questions the reasons. “Why can’t I stay here?” he says and the answer comes; “Because white children often die here.” But the real answer is his father has the funds to send him to Britain to become a son of the Empire.

Neatly written scenes that take the reader backwards and forwards in time. From Edward’s childhood and coming of age to his lonely Christmas dinners in Salisbury in old age after his wife has died doing the gardening whilst burying the evidence of an affair with Edward’s rival Veneering.

Much to enjoy, not a page turner, but a series of vignettes of lives lived – when the sun never set on the British Empire.

Harry Mottram

For details for the work of the journalist Harry Mottram visit www.harrymottram.co.uk

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RAPSCALLION MAGAZINE COMMENT: each screened TV and cinematic adaptation and version of a novel needs to be judged on its own merits

Brideshead Revisited, 2008

Don’t judge a book by its cover or a film by its blurb is a pretty good rule of thumb. And of course don’t criticise a piece of art such as a film or TV show unless you’ve watched it is another. Critics are always under pressure to put their opinions into words with deadlines looming – and they need to entertain or engage as well so it is often tempting to take a short cut and plump for an easy line. Like for instance, ‘this films isn’t as good as the novel’ or ‘ this film isn’t as good as the original film.’

The BBC have been screening Julian Jarrold’s film version of Evelyn Waugh’s 2008 novel Brideshead Revisited this week. Looking back at what the critics made of it at the time is interesting in the way they tended not to look at the film in its own right but to compare it unfavourably with the 1945 novel. And somewhat unfairly to judge it alongside the 11-part miniseries by Granada Television in 1981 which like the novel is a different creation.

Chicago Sun critic Robert Ebert saw it as ‘not the equal of the TV production,’ describing it as a ‘sound example of the British period drama; mid-range Merchant-Ivory, you could say.’ The guardian’s Peter Bradshaw even questioned the point of making the film. He said: “Why revisit it? There is something pretty superfluous about this handsome-looking, workmanlike but fundamentally uninspired and obtuse adaptation of Evelyn Waugh’s resplendent 1945 novel. It offers no compelling reasons for a screen revival, and the look and feel are nakedly derived from Charles Sturridge’s tremendous 1981 version for Granada television, right down to using Castle Howard once again for the eponymous country house.”

The Telegraph’s Nicole Martin agreed saying the movie had been ‘slammed by critics’ having all the potential ‘ingredients of a hit movie’ but had ‘upset fans in the UK by straying from the plot of Waugh’s 1945 novel.’ The Washington Post said that it ‘does not hold up the integrity of the book’ while The New York Times labelled it ‘a lazy, complacent film which takes the novel’s name in vain.’

The point is no film can completely reflect a novel in its entirety but it can capture some of the spirit and tone. A director and screen writer are quiet at liberty to interpret a novel as they wish as film making is a different art with its visual storytelling and ability to create mood through light and sound. And to compare a film of two hours to a TV series of 15 episodes is ridiculous. The novel is succinct and poignant in its own right as it looked back from the perspective of war damaged Britain to a golden era for rich kids at University in the 1930s.

Equally the Granada series was perfect in its own way and for its own time. In the early 1980s in the depth of a recession there was something wonderfully fantastic to look back to a time when servants wore uniforms and opened doors for beautiful aristocrats and champagne flowed at summer long picnics. Both a kind of fantasy as Waugh revealed in his charting the changes in British social life along with his reoccurring theme of theological guilt, faith and inner conflict in Roman Catholicism.

Showing briefly of BBC i-player the 2008 film with screenplay by Jeremy Brock and Andrew Davies starring Matthew Goode as Charles Ryder, Ben Whishaw as Lord Sebastian Flyte, Hayley Atwell as Lady Julia Flyte, the drama is punchier and sharper than the longer Granada series and condenses the book’s events as much as possible and retains the humour and wry wit of the novel.

Harry Mottram

For details for the work of the journalist Harry Mottram visit www.harrymottram.co.uk

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Or email him at harryfmottram@gmail.com

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RAPSCALLION MAGAZINE BOOK REVIEW: an epic story of paternal betrayal, female genital mutilation, brotherly rivalry and the turbulence of Ethiopian politics in Abraham Verghese’s very long and over detailed but highly informative novel Cutting for Stone

Women are either saints or sinners, men are heroes or tragic flawed heroes in a lengthy surgically embellished epic novel about twins separated at birth but joined in death.

Written in the first person singular by surgeon Marion Stone as he looks back on his life in Ethiopia and New York with lengthy flashbacks throughout we follow the story of twins Shiva and Marion as they grow up in 1960s Addis Ababa. With their father disappeared and mother dead the boys enjoy a new family amongst the hospital staff and in particular their adoptive parents in Hema and Ghosh.

We learn a good deal about late 20^th century Ethiopia and even more about the intricacies of surgery, medial disorders and diseases of neglect and poverty as the author delves into each subject in forensic detail. Too much detail – leaving the reader wanting brevity is the telling of the tale.

What we do get is a story of paternal betrayal and redemption, brotherly betrayal and redemption and even military betrayal and redemption as Ethiopia’s 1961 military rebellion is crammed into a novel overflowing with incident. And those political events in the East African country provide some of the more exciting and action packed sequences featuring uprisings, murders and dramatic escapes.

But back to the story of two brothers, and in particular self-centred Marion. Tainted Genet is Marion Stone’s life-long love who is so sadly soiled by the time he unfeasibly loses his virginity with her in his late 20s gets the blame for his illness following their long delayed night of passion. Genet is painted as a rather pathetic but he fails to recognise that she has suffered the agony of genital mutilation, had fallen in with no-good Marxist terrorists, lost her son to social services and was finally betrayed by her husband before being sent to jail.

Marion and Shiva’s mother who dies in childbirth is given an equally difficult life history but achieves something close to sainthood in his eyes. Of course as an unreliable narrator he can judge his characters in his own terms as such canonizes himself and ties up as many loose ends in a novel which enlightens but also stalls at times due to its detail and need to explain everything at great length.

Harry Mottram

Follow Harry on twitter as @harrythespiv also on FaceBook, LinkedIn, YouTube, Pinterest, Flickr, Google+ and on Instagram and God knows what else. For more by the journalist Harry Mottram visit www.harrymottrem.co.uk

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RAPSCALLION MAGAZINE BOOK REVIEW: the coming of age who-dunnit mystery in Mark Haddon’s The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time has opened up a new market in autism inspired novels (and its put Swindon on the map)

A fast paced 21st century British mystery novel (based in Swindon) narrated by the fictional teenage schoolboy Christopher Boone is a gripping coming of age page turner accessible for young readers and adults alike. And without even naming the condition Christopher has we are aware that he has some form of autism due to unusual traits which he describes himself as being ‘a mathematician with some behavioural difficulties.’

Haddon has been criticised for his depiction of autism relying on stereotypes such as his protagonist’s incredible memory and obsession with food colour and prime numbers along with his lack of empathy and ability to understand everyday situations. Although it is not the first time autism has featured as a theme in a film or a book The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time has opened up an otherwise untapped market after publication. There was a huge interest in the subject and Haddon filled arts centres for talks on the subject following its publication, while a play based on the novel was produced and a film version has been planned. Translated into 35 languages and clearly a smash hit Haddon has refused to say he is an autism expert but simply a writer. It is after all a novel. A novel set in Swindon. How everyday is that?

Prior to this the 1988 movie Rain Man starring Dustin Hoffman as Raymond brought attention to the condition which at the time was seen negatively at best or denied at worst. Barry Monrow’s script revealed how autism can have a redemptive side. In his narrative as Charlie Babbitt comes to terms with his brother Raymond in a road movie with a difference. Likewise in The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time there brings a greater understanding eventually between confused Christopher and his father Ed and his estranged mother Judy.

Since then autism has if not become mainstream but at least has been recognised by society as something that exists. Science fiction had previously featured characters with autism in a raft of novels going back to the 1960s but Haddon opened up a new genre with a number of novels finding publication since then such as Siobhan Dowd’s 2008 The London Eye Mystery and the 2010 novel by Kathryn Erskine’s Mockingbird amongst others.

The novel was lauded with a  Whitbread Book Award for Best Novel and Book of the Year, the Commonwealth Writers’ Prize for Best First Book, and the Guardian Children’s Fiction Prize because of the way Christopher describes his world in the first person. He is given his voice. And one of Christopher’s motivations is his sense of right and wrong viewing life’s complexities in black and white. Which in its own way creates a series of set piece confrontations in the story.

Another of the themes in the novel is the extreme pressure a child ‘with some behavioural difficulties’ can have on a relationship. While some families cope and adjust many do not and in Christopher’s case the strain was enough to collapse the marriage of Ed and Judy who found different ways to escape including denial to running away.

The hero is Siobhan who understands Christopher and as his school teacher helps him to understand the wider world with helpful advice. In chapter 149 following a fight with his father about his writing his investigation into the dead dog in a book he went to school with a bruise on his face. “Siobhan asked me why I had a bruise on the side of my face. I said Father was angry and he had grabbed me so I had hit him and then we had a fight. Siobhan asked whether Father had hit me and I said I didn’t know because I got very cross and it made my memory go strange.”

Under further questioning she said that grabbing was OK if it is on your shoulder or arm but hitting is not allowed and grabbing hair or their face is not acceptable. Siobhan clearly understands what is going on and attempts to put into context what is happening behind closed doors and guides Christopher’s thoughts to a more normal pattern of behaviour as to what is acceptable.

Christopher’s investigations eventually discover a terrible family lie. It’s a dramatic moment and redirects the story but also returns to the fundamental stress that an autistic child can have on a relationship. Being a parent is tough at the best of times but the Christopher’s of this world put pressure on families which can reach breaking point.

An easy to read novel due to the very straightforward thought process of the protagonist, The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time is rightfully seen as a modern classic for its clarity and ability to communicate its protagonist’s mind set and also for its everyday setting.

Harry Mottram

Follow Harry on twitter as @harrythespiv also on FaceBook, LinkedIn, YouTube, Pinterest, Flickr, Google+ and on Instagram and God knows what else. For more by the journalist Harry Mottram visit www.harrymottrem.co.uk

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RAPSCALLION MAGAZINE book (and film) review: from India to Somerset and Egypt to Naples before, during and just after World War Two – unravelling the haunted pasts of four bruised, burnt and disfigured characters in The English Patient

The English Patient by Michael Ondaatje

Like the regular morphine injections applied by Hana to the English Patient Almasy the novel slides in and out of several worlds featuring a small cast of characters and their past and present lives. Only in the final third do we begin to see their full stories in Michael Ondaatje’s literary and lyrical love story set before, during and just after World War Two.

It contrasts the here and now based in the confines of a ruined convent where the English patient Almasy lies dying attended by Hana his nurse – with fellow residents the bomb disposal sapper Kip and the suspicious thumb-less Caravaggio with their bruised, burnt and damaged pasts. It is Caravaggio who pieces together Almasy’s back story as he suspects Almasy was a German spy who betrayed the British during the North Africa campaign but due to Almasy’s badly burned body and English accent he cannot be too sure. While we also learn about Hana’s fight to stay sane while surrounded by death and Kip’s career as a servant of Empire – and of course the mystery behind the titular character – the English patient Almasy.

The epic tone of the novel is layered with different but ultimately connected narratives with the story of Almasy at its core – who is he, is he really English and who was the love of his life?

There is also the back story of Kip the Sikh sapper and his journey to becoming a highly skilled bomb disposal expert – an activity which keeps him busy as the retreating German army have booby-trapped anything from a statue to a piano in war torn Italy. It allows Kip in particular to give the story a strong anti-war tone with his disgust at the folly of the wars of European nations and dropping of the atom bombs in Japan. In the film directed by Anthony Minghella he is played by Naveen Andrews and is relegated to a less influential role although the film plays up his romance with Hana with her birthday scene beautifully set with the tiny oil lamps lighting the path through the olive trees. Both are seeking emotional recovery from the traumas of war and of loss with the convent their medicinal bandage.

A long and complex novel it is hard to get into at first as the threads don’t immediately knit together due to a confusing multiplicity of voices relating various stories. And if you see the film you’ll also realise whole chunks of the novel are left out with some minor events given huge importance as Minghella plays up the visual splendour of the desert and some set pieces such as the social whirl of the British elite in pre-war Cairo. As so often is the case the characters in the film don’t always chime with the ones in your head from the descriptions given – especially Madox and Geoffrey Clifton. Where the novel is at hard to follow the film gives the sweeping landscapes of the desert with John Seale’s cinematography complete with an evocative score by Gabriel Yared greater visual prominence leaving stronger images in your head compared to the flowing prose of Michael Ondaatje’s novel.

We learn about the writings of the classical writer Herodotus and his The Histories which chart what was known then about the deserts of Libya and Egypt, the evolution of bomb making and bomb disposal work in the 1940s, the salvaging of artworks in the Italian campaign and archaeology in pre-war North Africa. It’s certainly a read that takes you to different places and different centuries connecting them through the landscapes and conflicts. I found myself looking up all manner of subjects as the novel whetted my appetite to learn about Satan bombs, Sikhs and the battles of Tobruk as the Germans so nearly conquered Egypt before once again falling back into the vastness of the desert. What we don’t learn much about are the people who live in those sun-bleached places whether it’s the guides, the Italian locals, Almasy’s rescuers or the market traders in Egypt’s capital. What we do learn is the relationships between the foursome and how war had transformed their live in this beautifully written novel. And we eventually learn how Katherine Clifton’s former lover came to be on his death bed in a bombed out Italian convent.

Harry Mottram

For more by the journalist Harry Mottram visit www.harrymottrem.co.uk

+ The English Patient was first published in 1992 by Bloomsbury Publishing and in paperback in 2004. A film of the novel was released in 1996. It was directed by Anthony Minghella and starred Ralph Finnes as Almasy, Juliette Binoche as Hana, Willem Dafoe as Caravaggio, Kristin Scott Thomas as Katherine Clifton, Naveen Andrews as Kip, Colin Firth as Geoffrey Clifton and Julian Wadham as Madox. The film received 12 nominations at the Oscars winning five BAFTAs and two Golden Globes. Critically acclaimed the movie is ranked in the top 100 films of the 20^th century.

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RAPSCALLION MAGAZINE Book Review: Agatha Christie’s not so swinging 1960s’ London, set in the last outpost of Edwardian England At Bertram’s Hotel which reads more like a muddled spoof whodunit with multiple plots and Cluedo-esque characters

The plot, the characters and the action seem as muddled as the minds of Canon Pennyfather or General Radley who inhabit the traditional environs of Bertram’s Hotel in Pond Street near Piccadilly Circus.

The over complicated plot detracts from the mystery of the disappearing Canon, a murder, a train robbery, a jewellery theft, a young woman’s quest to discover her inheritance and the use of the hotel for a front for criminal activity. The various strands seemed more like ideas jotted down from Agatha Christie’s book of storylines which hadn’t yet been used – so she thought she might as well use them all in at once.

The main character of the novel and the one best drawn is the hotel itself. An establishment, the author lovingly creates. Set sometime in the early 1960s Bertram’s Hotel is a throwback to Edwardian England when the well healed sought the comfort of their country houses in its, ‘rich red velvet and plushy cosiness,’ and its ‘magnificent coal fires.’ Despite the antique nature of the hotel (and its guests) it had been modernised: ‘There was of course central heating, but it was not apparent.’

Miss Marple listens in to the conversations of the guests from one of the high backed armchairs designed for arthritic old ladies as she pieces together vital information about the dodgy racing driver Ladislaus Malinowski who works for adventuress Lady Sedgwick and her daughter the financially ambitious Elvira. Instead of following the deductive powers of the redoubtable Miss Jane Marple the detective work is largely done by Chief Inspector Fred Davy known as Father who slowly puts together the baffling case of criminality, murder and robbery.

It’s as confusing as Canon Pennyfather’s powers of recall caused by a blow to the head. For such a posh hotel there’s a surprising level of crime although despite its obvious undertones of evil Miss Marple sticks it out for a fortnight. The average tweed wearing visitor to London up from the country would be better advised to sleep on a park bench or book into a Premier Inn type of establishment so as to avoid being coshed, shot or robbed.

Apart from the hotel’s character and description there is another attraction and that is Christie’s turn of phrase such as: ‘Mr Hoffman’s eyes rested for a moment on the rotundity of Father’s figure with disapprobation.’ And when Father interrogates the sexy actress turned maid Rose Sheldon he ‘ran an approving eye over her pleasant person.’ Such a genteel description – and such a genteel if complex whodunit with a hallmark Agatha Christie surprise twist at the end.

Harry Mottram

+ Published in 1965 by the Collins Crime Club At Bertram’s Hotel is one of Christie’s last novels and unusual for being set in 1960s London. It had mixed reviews suggesting it was not one her best. The BBC made a film adaption of the story with Joan Hickson as Miss Marple in 1987 and ITV screened a much altered version with Geraldine McEwan as the detective spinster in 2007.

For more reviews visit www.harrymottram.co.uk

Follow Harry on twitter as @harrythespiv also on FaceBook, LinkedIn, YouTube, Pinterest, Flickr, Google+ and on Instagram and God knows what else

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RAPSCALLION MAGAZINE Book Review: no sex scenes in Donna Tartt’s coming of age novel about a boy’s lies, deceit and art world crimes – but plenty on his teenage drug taking

The Goldfinch, by Donna Tartt
Can a woman write a fictional biography about a teenage boy? Well, yes and no. Donna Tartt’s The Goldfinch hits some of the right notes such as youthful dishonesty, amoral behaviour, deceitfulness and lies plus a fondness for alcohol and drugs in Theodore Decker’s retrospective narration.
Strangely she skirts around teenage boys and their obsession with sex and all things smutty, but is explicit about getting high on drugs and vodka and being difficult as testosterone levels climax in this coming of age novel.
At more than 800 pages the story goes into huge amounts of detail on the antiques trade with some insightful sections on life in New York and Las Vegas. And not the life you might expect. Excellent on fractious relationships and dysfunctional American families along with forensic introspections from Theo on his other’s failings.
But like Thomas Hardy and Charles Dickens to whom her plots have been likened there are plot holes which leave you doubting the story including the initial theft of the painting The Goldfinch by Theo. It’s in places a page turner but is so long you wonder if Theo (or Potter as his friend Boris calls him) will move on to the next section of his life. Critics dubbed in children’s novel which it is not. Stripped to the basic plot it’s a slow burn thriller born in a broken family and set in the art world with a confused protagonist narrator who seeks redemption from a childhood tragedy.
So much to admire in a convoluted and extended plot which satisfies eventually – but it’s a long journey to get there.
Harry Mottram
The Goldfinch by Donna Tartt was published in 2013. It won the 2014 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and is available in paperback from Cheddar library and all good bookshops.
• A movie was released of the book in 2019 directed by John Crowley with Ansel Elgort and Nicole Kidman.

The Sensational Alex Harvey Band in the 1970s. The novel has strands that reflect the heady days of Scottish rock

Rapscallion Magazine BOOK REVIEW: Sex, drugs and rock’n’roll in Iain Banks’ fictional rock star autobiography about a Scottish song writer in a 1970s super group (except he’s rather coy about the sex part)

Espedair Street by Iain Banks

Feel sorry for me. I’m Daniel Weir, known as Weird. A super rich rock star, who writes the lyrics to Frozen Gold’s songs from a working class background in Glasgow who hit the big time without passing through the usual stages of further education or apprenticeships. A penniless 20-something lifestyle in my coming of age fictional autobiography that begins plausibly and ends with an unlikely happy ending with the girl I love.

Espedair Street is Iain Banks’ entertaining and but at times tediously self-indulgent account of a lifestyle that blends the world of rock stars such as Fish, Sting, and Alex Harvey with that of a struggling lyricist who ends up a millionaire in the hedonistic era of the 1970s and 1980s. An era of vinyl, King Sized cigarettes and king sized egos.

It captures the shallowness and sexism of an time of joint smoking playboy pop stars and the mindless materialism of their successful lifestyles. And it charts their downfall through drugs and unfortunate encounters with failed stage props.

The song writing and craft of creating new songs is well documented, but their addiction to drugs was sketchy at times while the sex was frankly pathetic in its description. More Mills and Boon than Men Only Magazine. For a sex, drugs and rock and roll read it was surprisingly coy.

Some of the strongest aspects of the novel were its descriptions of life back in the day of Giro cheques, cassette players and the Bay City Rollers. It begins with the line: ‘Two days ago I decided to kill myself,’ and ends in a village hall after Daniel has finally worked out what he really wants in life. Not the endless booze ups, the East European merchandise or his lust for lead singer Christine Brice but a simpler and more balanced life unlike his own upbringing. That of his violent father and devout Catholic mother and the poverty of a childhood in Glasgow. These chapters are well penned as is much of his life in Paisley and the titular attractions of Espedair Street. It’s an uneven read. In places compulsive and it others repetitive, but as a sort of period piece about a period which has faded along with the denims and LPs it depicts, an excellent fictional document about a pre-internet age of indulgence.

Harry Mottram

For more reviews visit www.harrymottram.co.uk

Follow Harry on twitter as @harrythespiv also on FaceBook, LinkedIn, YouTube, Pinterest, Flickr, Google+ and on Instagram and God knows what else

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Rapscallion Magazine BOOK REVIEW: Evelyn Waugh’s satire of Phoney War Britain Put Out More Flags was written while the Second World War’s outcome was still in doubt giving it an added realism

Put out more Flags by Evelyn Waugh

For an insight into wartime Britain Put out more Flags by Evelyn Waugh is a good read. Written in 1941 and published a year later it tells the stories of a collection of mainly middle class men and women who are in part idol in nature, flippant about politics and eventually spurred into action by the war effort. Or at least some of them are. Others seek a life as far away from the front line as possible.

The heady days of the 1920s and gathering war clouds of the 1930s have gone and the Bright Young Things of Waugh’s earlier novels face up to the reality of Hitler’s German war machine. It was a time when Nazi storm troopers threatened to invade heralding an era which has come to define many late 20^th century British mentalities. His characters are drawn from those he knew at the time giving an authenticity their personas. There’s the irritating poets Parsnip and Pimpernel who hot foot it to New York, and Alastair Trumpington who joins up and spends his time guarding the coast while Ambrose Silk considers moving to Ireland as though the new state would be safe.

It’s witty, full of rich caricatures and a sense of the times as Britain faces its darkest hour enlightened by Waugh’s amusing prose and searing satire. We’ve been reared on years of Home front heroics of Dad’s Army and Land Girls and Mrs Miniver but here are people who don’t fit the usual narrative. Basil Seal writes right wing leaders for the Daily Beast believing Liberia should be annexed lecturing two retired officers on the subject who believe Russia will join Germany in attacking Britain. Such is their wisdom and presumably the thoughts of many at the time who believed Italy and Japan could still become allies.

It’s vintage Waugh if a little uneven as the events taking place inevitably affect the novel divided into the four seasons. By the summer: “Parachute landings were looked for hourly. The duty company slept in their boots and stood down at dawn and dusk.” And at the time of publishing Put out more Flags, the war’s outcome was still undecided making the novel an intriguing and genuine snapshot of public opinion.

Harry Mottram

For more reviews visit www.harrymottram.co.uk

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Check out Willoughby’s Phoney War on BBC4 extra – William Fox’s comic wartime drama covering the same period.

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Rapscallion Magazine BOOK REVIEW: Graham Swift’s Tomorrow is a window into one family’s life from the 1940s to the 1990s with beautiful insights – but lacks suspense as we can guess what’s coming

Tomorrow by Graham Swift

Pity Mike in Graham Swift’s matriarchal nocturnal reflections of his wife Paula’s monologue as he spends the entire 300 pages fast asleep and worse still being talked about as though he wasn’t there. Paula’s internal monologue concerns her decision to spill a long held secret from her two children who have just turned 16. If I say her children rather than Mike and Paula’s children you’ll get the picture. This somewhat underwhelming revelation comes as no surprise since the narrative is littered with hints about the children’s true parentage. This secret is how Swift has framed Tomorrow as Paula then fills in all the family affairs and background in a matter of fact sort of way in everyday language which adds to its authenticity. The detail of ordinary family life is where Swift’s prose are at their best. It begins with Mike meeting Paula back in 1966 and takes us through to the infertility clinic in the 1990s.

“Your father got into bed with me one night in Brighton nearly 30 years ago and, though the place and the room and the bed have changed from time to time, he’s never got out.”

The early days of their courtship, the backstory of Mike’s father and uncle and the prisoner of war camp saga, the family’s lost cat and washing up after numerous Christmas dinners make this a charming and intimate story even if it holds little drama in its quiet reflective reminiscences.

Harry Mottram

Tomorrow was first published by Picador in 2007.

For more reviews visit www.harrymottram.co.uk

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Rapscallion Magazine BOOK REVIEW: Graham Greene’s novel concerning a triangular love affair that became a prophesy of the disaster of the Vietnam War (in a carefully constructed story which name checks Cheddar Gorge to its credit)

The Quiet American  by Graham Greene

Any novel that references Cheddar Gorge in its final page will always make me smile. The Somerset landmark near to where I live couldn’t really be further away from the Franco-Vietnam war of the 1950s. Graham Greene’s carefully constructed eternal triangular drama set in the colonial conflict also became a celebrated prophesy of how the 30 year conflict would pan out.

The cynical but honest protagonist Fowler, the naïve and idealistic Pyle (the titular character) and the enigmatic love interest Phuong completes the love triangle who also represent the complexity of the war. Fowler as the former colonial power who loves and hates as well as exploiting but understanding Vietnam, Pyle who believes he can bring American values and democracy to the country by using justifiable violence and bloodshed, and Phuong who seeks an escape from the conflict siding with whichever side offers security.

Brilliantly constructed, complex in its symbolism and insightful due to Greene’s own experiences as a war reporter the novel uses flashbacks to layer the narrative of the I-dunnit or at least I-collaborated-in-the-who-dunnit to life. There’s so much to enjoy from the French military’s press conference when journalists are told the Vietcong are losing the war despite the facts suggesting they are winning it, the exchange of letters between Fowler and his wife as their relationship heads for a divorce and Pyle’s cringingly respectful disagreements Fowler.

An exceptional novel that helps to not only explain why the Vietnam war was always going to be a lost cause but all colonial wars (usually dressed up as regime change or humanitarian interventions) eventually end in a mess as the residents would prefer to be left alone to rule themselves. Look at those wars of the last few years: Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Libya. If only the various prime ministers, presidents and Government officials had read The Quiet American. It might have saved thousands of lives and a great deal of misery.

Harry Mottram

For more visit www.harrymottram.co.uk

Follow Harry on twitter as @harrythespiv also on FaceBook, LinkedIn, YouTube and on Instagram and God knows what else

There have been two adaptions of the novel for film. One in 2002 and one back in 1958. The image is from the more recent one with Michael Caine, Brendan Fraser, and Do Thi Hai Yen.

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Rapscallion Magazine Book Review: survival in a war torn city turns magical realist with a Narnia moment (but the relationship between the two lovers in Mohsin Hamid’s novel Exit West is its strength)

Exit West  by Mohsin Hamid

A crackling good story of innocent lovers caught up in a civil war skids to a halt when it abruptly turns into magical realism.

The prose may be flat and business like but with just bare facts somehow the minimal style suits the brutality of the deteriorating quality of life of the main protagonist Nadia and her boyfriend Saeed. It could be Damascus, Bagdad, Mosel or any one of a list of war torn cities across the Middle and Near East. No names or references are given except we assume it is likely to be an Arabic country with a mixture of Western culture ruled by an authoritarian Government and an Islamic militant opposition.

When the duo finally escape the war via a people trafficker the story based in the here and now has a Narnia moment and the couple go through a door and are on a Greek island as refugees. After further interludes they open more doors eventually arriving in California via London. The story shifts into a sort of dystopian future with civil war in London, vast changes to the populations and an America transformed into refugee camps. And there are vignettes of descriptions of other lives of other refugees which are linked by theme but not always by narrative to the central story.

One of the stories of our times has been the experiences of refugees fleeing war and famine and their terrifying journeys across land and sea. Sometimes exploited and robbed, some dying en route or drowning in the Mediterranean while others find hostility or a welcome when they arrive in a safe country. None of that is here which leaves something of a vacuum and a missed opportunity.

After Saeed and Nadia leave their city in search of safety the story is confusing and fails to grip as it shifts into a bleak prophesy of a future fractured world. Mohsin Hamid’s Exit West’s main strength and the core of the story is the changing relationship between the couple. Minor changes in body language and attitude towards each other are crisply observed making their courtship, life together and the tensions which eventually pull them apart the most satisfying aspect of the novel.

Harry Mottram

For more visit www.harrymottram.co.uk

Follow Harry on twitter as @harrythespiv also on FaceBook, LinkedIn, YouTube and on Instagram and God knows what else

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Rapscallion Magazine Book Review: drugs, crime and prostitution (how travelling with his amoral aunt changed dahlia loving Henry forever)

Travels with My Aunt  by Graham Greene

Henry’s travels with his Aunt Augusta begin at his mother’s funeral and end at his Aunt’s house warming party. Between the two – the one in a municipal Crematorium in Surrey and the other in Asunción in Paraguay. In between Henry and his aunt visit Brighton, Istanbul, Paris and South America meeting a string of eccentric characters and only just escaping the law due to his amoral aunt’s liking or risky business deals that involve smuggling.

Written in the first person by Henry Pulling a retired bank manager whose main interest in tending his dahlias Greene sets up some brilliantly funny scenes as Henry describes in his understated way some extraordinary events and even more extraordinary people.

In conversation with the Chief of Police at a party in Asuncion Henry comments on the old fashioned dances. The Chief of Police replies: “The Polka and the Gallop. They are out national dances.”

“The names sound very Victorian,” I said. I had meant it as a compliment but he moved away abruptly.

One reoccurring Greene theme is that of the Catholic faith.

“Are you a Roman Catholic?” I asked my aunt with interest. She replied promptly and seriously, “Yes, my dear, only I just don’ believe in all the things they believe in.”

And Greene’s descriptions are beautiful if unlikely in the words of Henry. ‘As Chapter 13 opens: When a train pulls into a great city I am reminded of the closing moments of an overture.’ And perhaps more convincingly for Henry in chapter 16: ‘I was back home, in the late afternoon, as the long shadows were falling: a boy whistled a Beatle tune and motor cycle revved far away un Norman Lane.’

Rather like the travels themselves the story meanders from one incident to another eventually bringing together the quartet of characters who dominate the travels: Wordsworth (who is a sort of unconvincing doomed caricature), the dodgy Mr Visconti and her lover Aunt Augusta who reconciles her colourful past with Henry who eventually finds himself in the intoxicatingly exotic and illegal world of his aunt in South America.

Harry Mottram

* Travels with My Aunt by Graham Greene was first published by Bodley Head in 1969.

* A film version was made in 1972 with Maggie Smith as Aunt Augusta and Alec McCowen as Henry (see below)

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Rapscallion Magazine Book Review: it’s Dellarobia against the world in a story of butterflies, scientists and sheep farmers

Flight Behaviour by Barbara Kingsolver
One part environmental lecture and one part rural domestic drama, Barbara Kingsolver’s Flight Behaviour gets stuck in the mud of Cub’s Appalachian sheep farm. In the opening pages the main protagonist Dellarobia appears to be about to start an affair as she runs away from her life as a mother and farmer’s wife. However the arrival of millions of Monarch butterflies In the woods above her home changes all that and she finds herself first as a sort of Butterfly saint in her local church and then as a proto scientist.
The story seeks to expose the fragility of the planet with global warming as part of the backdrop. It also centres on a series of set piece bust ups and confrontations which although entertaining in their own chapter don’t always take the story on.
It’s Dellarobia versus Cub; Dellarobia versus her mother in law Hester; Dellarobia versus Pete the scientist. In fact it’s Dellarobia versus the world as she rages at her life, for getting married so young, of not having any qualifications or a career, or simply living such a low down and humble life.
Apart from her good looks the one thing she has got is a sense of humour which she uses in a series of lively, witty and sparky conversations as she bats against a long list of humourless characters. And that’s where the novel is at its best. It’s no contest against dullard hubby Cub as he declares, “Weather is the Lord’s business.” In reply Dellarobia fires back: “People used to say the same thing whenever some disease came along and killed all the children. ‘It’s part of God’s plan.’ Now we give them vaccinations. Is that defying God?” Cub made no reply.
She may be poor but she is grounded which helps her in her exchanges with the scientist Ovid, Pete and the rich kid students who descend on the farm to study the mystery of the migrating Monarch butterflies who give the novel its title.
Focalising through Dellarobia we see the world through her eyes and her sense of humour which makes it a conversational and entertaining read if excessively long and at times repetitive. If only she could have had that affair at the beginning of the story we might have been spared the lengthy church scenes, the Christmas shopping trip and the painfully educational conversations with well-heeled scientists.
Harry Mottram
Flight Behaviour was shortlisted for Women’s Prize for Fiction in 2013 and published in 2012.

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Rapscallion Magazine Book Review: surviving World War Two in St Malo

All the Light We Cannot See by Anthony Doerr
Dealing with the shattered lives of those caught up in the Second World War Anthony Doerr’s All the Light We Cannot See is to some extent 523 pages of misery.
Written in short titled chapters and even shorter sentences the novel unravels the lives of the blind French girl Marie-Laure and the impoverished but talented Werner who is brought up in a children’s home in Nazi Germany. Eventually their lives collide in this well constructed and neatly plotted story encompassing the war and its aftermath with the main focus on the hero Marie-Laure as she battles to stay alive in besieged St Malo.
We get to know Marie-Laure well but less so Werner who encounters a wider circle of characters, friends and enemies in his career as radio operator in the army. Werner’s role seems to be one of illustrating how ordinary decent Germans managed to survive in Hitler’s Third Reich. And of how they could justify going along with the horrors and injustices of the regime.
His meeting and his friendship with the doomed Frederick and the tough guy Frank Volkheimer or the military bully Bastian only partly explain the silence of the German populace during the war. As for Reinhold von Rumpel and his obsession with the diamond The Sea of Flames – well he seemed to be from another novel.
In Paris and in St Malo Doerr creates a believable world where desperate survival is tempered with a humanity through characters like Madame Manec and Marie-Laure’s dad Daniel and uncle Etienne who quietly go about resisting the occupying German army despite traitors like Claude Levitte who also want to survive.
In fact there are so many characters in the novel you need to make a list as you go along.
Some are just there briefly while others remain throughout until their final fate is revealed in the last few chapters as they fall into two categories: those that survived the war and those that didn’t.
The period detail and descriptions are brilliant, the story engrossing and immediate with it being written in the present tense but at 523 pages it seems overlong.
Harry Mottram
All the Light We Cannot See by Anthony Doerr is available in paperback from 4thEstate online for £8.99, or second hand, your local library and all good bookshops.

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Rapscallion Magazine Book Review: A story of children in Nazi Germany framed by the character of Death

The Book Thief by Markus Zusak

Take one part The Diary of Anne Frank, one part The Hunger Games, one part Jane Eyre and one part the Catcher in the Rye and you’ve got the ingredients required for the perfect teenage angst novel. Death, Nazis, persecution and injustice – Markus Zusak’s 2005 young adult novel has it all and spends more than 500 pages of dreams and nightmares, self-reflection and self-loathing and of friendship and loving. It’s a brutal, truthful, philosophical and an intensive hormonally charged coming of age read.

The Book Thief follows the protagonist nine year old Liesel’s struggle to survive in wartime Germany beginning with the trauma of her brother’s death, her adoption and her battle to fit in and discover herself. The strong anti-Nazi theme is slightly undermined by an implication that Hitler partly comes to power through the written word rather than the more accepted one of economic depression, unresolved issues of the 14-18 war and the weakness of Germany’s fledgling democracy failing to prevent the Third Reich.

The story is focalised and framed by the character of death whose omniscient sympathetic view of Liesel’s life and times also includes Max, Rudy and Hans amongst others. Death is also changed by the events of the war turning from dark humour to near despair at the savagery. And Himmel Street is another character that is also deeply affected by the war with its gangs of children, bickering residents and Nazi sympathisers. And there’s the Mayor’s wife who is condemned but redeemed by Liesel in her book stealing and anger at the wealth and privilege of the town’s middle classes.

The Holocaust is the dark shadow behind the novel with the characters just one false move away from the Concentration Camps and certain death. Liesel is originally Jewish. Max is a Jew on the run who is hidden by Liesel’s adoptive parents Rosa and Hans Hubermann while Rudy is only a goose step away from liquidation due to his adoration of Jesse Owen.

Complex plotting allows connections to be made from the Great War to the aftermath of the Second World War while at times the fantasies and dreams of the protagonist and her friends diverts the reader away from the core story. At times I felt there was a much tighter and stronger novel within the book. Its strengths lie in the raw agony of injustice to children and of the realism of the settings – especially the scenes at school and when children are left to their own devices.

And amongst the darkness there’s plenty of humour such as when Hans gets drunk at the Nazi Party and knocks on the wrong door on the way home and is confined to the cellar to snore his way to morning.

Death keeps injecting facts at various stages like bullet points in a study guide – just so the reader doesn’t misunderstand anything. As a way of introducing children and young adults to the horrors of the Nazi era through literature The Book Thief by Markus Zusak is a perfect read. It’s a conversational read for much of the time doing at it does teetering on the brink of disaster all the way through until the bombshell ending – which felt like Zusak couldn’t decide how to complete his novel. Overly long perhaps and padded with too many diversions it is nevertheless an insightful and creative look at a recent chapter of German social history.

Harry Mottram

The Book Thief by Markus Zusak is available in paperback online for £8.99, or second hand, your local library and all good bookshops.

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Rapscallion Magazine Book Review: season of mists and mellow remainers – a post Brexit novel inspired by Keats but with overtones of comedy sketches by Victoria Wood

Autumn, by Ali Smith

A novel that seems to drift through a series of thoughts and scenes as though in a dream that it’s hard at times to realise where it is going. Autumn by Ali Smith’s Autumn is not an easy read as it stops and starts. There’s no overall plot other than to contrast overlapping visions of autumn and to slowly peel back the lives of the handful of characters. There are references to nature and John Keat’s poem on autumn while there’s the echoes of the novel’s role as a post Brexit novel.

Smith’s take is also on the autumn of Britain’s collective mentality in the months immediately after the referendum on membership of the European Community in June 2016. There’s a clear element of despair at the result in Smith’s prose as, “there was misery and rejoicing… …all across the country, people felt it was the wrong thing. All across the country, people felt it was the right thing. All across the country, people felt they’d really lost. All across the country, people felt they’d really won.”

We meet Daniel Gluck who is unfeasibly old and a friend of the much younger Elisabeth Demand who has terrible problems at the Post Office when trying to get a passport. And there’s Pauline Boty a female pop artist that Elisabeth is studying and who was known to Daniel who seems to have got about a lot in his life.

Autumn’s most John Keats’ moments come in passages such as this at the end of part one: “A Minute ago it was June. Now the weather is September. The crops are high, about to be cut, bright, golden. November? Unimaginable. Just a month away.” It’s a beautiful if succinct chapter midway through. The chapter’s prose concludes: “The birds are on the powerlines. The swifts left weeks ago. They’re hundreds of miles from here by now, somewhere over the ocean.”

The novel references numerous writers and books from Charles Dickens in the opening line “it was the worst of times” to William Blake’s poem about the “grains of sand,” and even Huxley’s Brave New World and Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart.

In a reflective, poetic and at times confusingly dream like novel there are several extremely funny moments such as the Post Office scene that has the feeling of a sketch by Victoria Wood about it. It’s an experience most can have sympathy with as Elisabeth attempts to have her application for a passport put through the Check and Send service. As the cashier measures her passport photo he says: “Your face is the wrong size.” And “Is your surname really Demand?” As the Post Office employee continues to play God and tick her off for being sarcastic when she doesn’t say where she plans to travel with her new passport.

In another sequence later on Elisabeth is in the kitchen with her mother when she recalls a one hit wonder from 1962, Summer Brother, Autumn Sister, written by Mr Gluck. The dialogue between her mum and Zoe her flatmate sparkles with authenticity and wit. “I’ve had a substantial career in maudlin, her mother says taking the computer. Has her mother been this witty all these years and Elisabeth just hasn’t realised?”

And there’s the story of Boty in these overlapping narratives, a model who has overtones of the Christine Keeler affair in the 1960s. These stories seem timeless and yet contemporary as they are linked together in a book which is very 2016 which seems to be the whole point of the the novel I eventually realised. A sort of poetic prose statement about Britain during the time of the referendum seen through the eyes of a mellow remainer.

Harry Mottram

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Goddess: Anouk Aimee played the lead in the 1969 movie of Lawrence Durrell’s novel

Drunk, dazed and in love with Justine in 1930s Alexandria

Justine. By Lawrence Durrell.

Feeling guilty, disillusioned and emotionally drained you leave a boozy chaotic party where couples are having sex, drinking too much and being ill. It’s getting dark, you’re a little bit drunk and you’ve taken the wrong turning through the back streets of Alexandria on the way back to your home where the baby sitter is waiting to be relieved. Around each corner is an extraordinary scene: a camel butchered whilst still alive in the road, an old woman herb seller selling her body in the street, and an ancient money lender asleep in an open window – his snores echoing down the road. You double back and try again, mixing up the crescents and the crossroads, the people and places, never quite sure how you somehow managed to get home.

At every turn Durrell presents Justine’s meandering narrative with exotic images, strange characters and vivid descriptions of a long lost pre-war Alexandria described by the over educated, under-employed, pretentious and unreliable narrator Darley. His memories of the time seamlessly overlap, flip backwards and forwards and leaving a sense of confusion and dazed impressions from the chaotic party you have just left. Is Nessim a seedy playboy and a murderer rather than a wealthy, sophisticate? Is Melissa a door mat and Justine a two timing flirt?

If the events and plot are hard to pin down the descriptions delight. Here’s Darley’s view of the comedic character Scobie who, “is a sort of protozoic profile in fog and rain, for he carries with him a sort of English weather.” And of Podre: “…a whim rather than a man. He was born to be a cartoonist’s butt.” And of Alexandria itself – main character in the novel – the first in Lawrence’s Alexandrian Quartet – a city that holds the Cecil Hotel, the Café Al Aktar and “the clearing house of information” Mnemjian’s barber shop. A city of the poetry of C P Cavafy, the Rue Nebi Daniel and the Atelier des Beaux Arts. Or as Darley puts it: “A city that becomes a world when one loves one of its inhabitants.”

Harry Mottram

Four stars

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Helen’s frustrations with the French school system and the Catholic church over her daughter’s cystic fibrosis

Love Like Salt. Helen Stevenson.

About half way through Helen Stevenson’s Love Like Salt I thought I had missed something. What was is it? Ah… it was the voices of other people. Nico, Sabine, Piere Daniel, Helen’s cousin for starters. There are a lot of people in the book but we really only see them through Helen’s eyes. But then all memoirs and biographies are partial acts of self-censorship and remembrance as it is only the voice of one person despite their attempts to be balanced.

Her memoir of her struggle to bring up her daughter Clara who has cystic fibrosis is quite an ordeal. It moves from diagnosis in England to settling down in France and then back to England to find a settled lifestyle away from prejudice and the French education system. Not exactly a veil of tears but it was clearly not easy for the family.

There was the lack of empathy from some adults – especially in France – the bullying French children, unsympathetic teachers and patronising priests clearly hurt as she recalls in a series of incidents and detailed conversations.

But as you read there are questions that arise over the difficulties of life in France compared to the near paradise Stevenson finds for her daughter and family when they move to Somerset. Could the French really be so awful when her youngest daughter clearly likes it so much compared to Clara? Are French schools so dreadful? Isn’t bullying and name calling a universal problem? And apart from the music, why is the sceptic drawn to the church and then is surprised by the archaic attitudes of its believers and in particular the less than helpful opinion of the Roman Catholic priests?

These concerns aside, the memoir is rich in thought and observation; it is both philosophical and enlightening, and above all beautifully crafted. It is a very easy and interesting read in part due to the candid thoughts of the writer which at times feels more like a series of magazine features. There is an intimacy as she confides in the reader her inner most thoughts which is a real strength.

The one tone that flows through every page are the insights that Stevenson gives into cystic fibrosis. Its affects, its history and the symptoms – and how living with a disabled child transforms the lives of everyone in the family. It is impossible to underestimate the consequences on the parents, siblings and friends such a condition can have.

The strengths of the meandering narrative also include the stylish prose and of the many back stories woven into the 284 page memoir. There’s the black comedy of her mother’s dementia as they drive back from Auntie Dorothy’s. Her mum is difficult, cantankerous and sanctimonious and is in denial Clara is ill which irritates Helen.

“You’re saying she has an illness that’s unspeakable, that people shouldn’t have to know about. In case it’s too painful for them. For them!”

“Don’t shout, dear, you’ll wake the baby.”
“Clara, her name’s Clara!”

“That’s as maybe, but she’s only a baby.”

“What do you mean, ‘That’s as maybe?’ What kind of an expression is that? It’s her name?”

And it is this conversation that is repeated in different forms and with different people throughout the story with varying scenarios. There is always the misunderstood and frustrated mother, and always the adult who tries to dismiss or downplay Clara’s illness. Clara’s life expectancy is not good – and there is no cure yet and perhaps this is at the root of the writer’s soul searching and a feeling the world has played her daughter a terrible hand.

Back in England and her ear for the negative continues: “When Clara ran five kilometres recently in aid of the Cyctic Fibrosis Trust, one boy in her year said his father had told him not to sponsor her, because he paid his taxes to fund a health service, and that charities shouldn’t be fund-raising for medical care.”

Coping is a constant battle which chews away at Stevenson as she battles the negatives. But there are positive moments when people say things which help her to see life a little more clearly.

She writes of one incident when a Swiss woman mentions her own daughter died of cot death on Christmas Eve. She says: “People said to me, ‘You must think all the time, why me?’ but I don’t ever think that,’ she said. ‘I think, ‘Why not me?’”

Harry Mottram

Four stars

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Bitter sweet stories from middle America that are universal in their ordinariness

A Spool of Blue Thread, By Anne Tyler

Meet the family. There’s Abby and Red in their extended domesticity, Junior Whitshank a carpenter from back in the day, the family’s ‘orphans’ like Atta, and the uncommunicative Denny who disappears, gets hitched and has a baby. We see the unfolding stories through anecdotes and flashbacks with the characters unwrapped in all their ordinariness and all their complexity.

There’s a certain universal depth to her characterisations that allow the ready to recognise people from their own lives despite the American setting with its cultural differences. She also adds a deal of humour which prevents the stories having a sugary gloss along with sharp but subtle social divides that are the property of a good observer. Well-paced, conversational and accessible A Spool of Blue Thread takes you into the living rooms of middle America in the last few decades of the 20^th century.

Harry Mottram. 4 stars

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Apparently, fat Americans are nice – that’s about the extent of the theme in McCall Smith’s novel – it makes you want to go on a diet in protest

Fatty O’Leary’s Dinner Party, By Alexander McCall Smith

Not so much a comic novel more the defense of fat folk. Alexander McCall Smith must have some friends from America who have over indulged themselves over the years. He’s also keen on the Anglo Irish aristocracy and the slightly eccentric way of life in rural Ireland but has it in for literary critics and airline staff.

The 174 page novelette was the winner of the 2015 Bollinger Everyman Wodehouse prize beating off rivals authors including Caitlin Moran, Irvine Welsh and Joseph O’Neill to scoop the prize.
PG Wodehouse it is not. Instead what seems at first to be a comedy of errors turns into a rather disappointing and simplistic story of the wronged American.
The story hinges on a series of misunderstandings when Betty and Fatty visit Ireland in search of their Irish roots. At every turn they are wronged and insulted but keep smiling in the hope all will be well. There’s some comic moments including the stuck-in-the-bath incident and the visit to a pub where a quick witted local fleeces them for free drinks.

They are plagued by the pretentious Rupert O’Brien who makes fun of their lack of knowledge about the arts but are charmed by Lord Balnerry who appears to be a con man. Constructed in three ‘courses’ or chapters the novel is like a poor quality ready meal rather than a dinner party.

To pick up the title dedicated to PG Wodehouse one would hope for more laughs from its leading character. Fatty is no Bertie Wooster.
Harry Mottram.  Two stars.
Fatty O’Leary’s Dinner Party is published by Polygon in hardback. 2014. £9.99.

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Brrr. The rags to rags not coming of age story of Ruthie in freezing Fingerbone

Housekeeping. by Marilynne Robinson

You need to wear a warm coat to read Marilynne’s novel set in the freezing town of Fingerbone in Idaho as the narrator Ruthie describes the chill climate and its effects on its inhabitants, her, her sister Lucille and Sylvie their aunt in numbing detail. It’s a melancholy read but also rich in reflection and insight as Ruthie ponders on the connections between the elements, emotions and her attitudes to life and people. It’s filled with symbolism suggesting collapsed houses, floods, heavy snow decaying towns all reflect the potential for human failings in the face of life’s struggles. But cheer up as there’s dark humour as well when the sisters bunk off school and the sheriff attempts to adopt Ruthie.

The reviews concentrate on describing the story as “haunting” and “poetic” and using “Biblical language” and of the transient nature of the relationships between the female characters. All true, but at the core of Housekeeping is mental health and its effects on a family.

As Helen fails to cope with the disappearance of Reginald who deserts her she ends up struggling to make things work and finally commits suicide leaving her two daughters Ruthie and Lucille at the mercy of their grandmother and a succession of relatives including Sylvie who are all incapable of looking after them. Society also fails them although Lucille manages to extract herself from the chaotic life that Sylvie constructs and leaves her sister and aunt for a more normal family in Fingerbone.

Things we learn from Housekeeping: it’s not about housekeeping but rather how not to keep a house as Sylvie’s hoarding instincts eventually result in the house being burnt to the ground.

Housekeeping magazine can be used to swat out a small fire and you can feed a family of 17 on a broth made from fir needles, bits of hair and finger nails and shoe leather.

Illegally jumping on railcars will bring the wrath of your local community on you, and dress making is very frustrating and when it won’t work chuck your attempt in the fire. Plus sitting by the edge of a lake all day is preferable to going to school. Brrr. So put on a coat, or sit by a fire and prepare for Robinson’s enjoyable and vividly atmospheric journey into Ruthie’s rags to rags not-coming-of-age story.
Harry Mottram. Four stars

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Classic novel for all teenage angst-ridden, idealist visionary, fucked-up school drop outs (and try saying that after half a bottle of vodka)

The Catcher in the Rye. J D Salinger
You either get Holden Caulfield or you don’t. If you don’t then it’s possible you’ve never been a teenage angst-ridden, fucked-up, idealist-visionary, school drop-out with a view of the world that doesn’t fit with the one you are presented with.
The novel can be criticised for its rambling construction, it’s strange and enigmatic ending and for feeling dated. But that happens to any novel eventually.
J D Salinger’s novel The Catcher in the Rye still hits the spot. It remains popular with English teachers keen to engage young people with literature as well as teenagers who like reading anyway – just as it did when it was published in 1951. A killer book with killer lines, true to the spirit and personality of Holden Caulfield, who is the original teenage dirtbag baby – with apologies to Wheatus.
The opening line spells out his character: “If you really want to hear about it, the first thing you probably want to know is where I was born, and what my lousy childhood was like, and how my parents were occupied and all before they had me, and all that David Copperfield kind of crap…”
Catcher in the Rye is not Great Expectations.
Instead he’s going to tell us about his three day breakdown with various flashbacks and reminiscences and how he came to be unwell. What he doesn’t tell you is how traumatised he is by his brother’s death and his inability to bond with his parents when only his sister is his true soul mate. His brother’s baseball glove remains a motif, representing loss, catching, brotherly love, and a reminder of childhood.
It’s funny, it’s dead pan, it’s sad. It’s about how families don’t communicate, about 1940s American white middle class society and about an author looking to move literature into a new era where feelings, disconnected emotions and teenage angst are relevant. The novel is written in the first person through the eyes and thoughts of Holden.
He’s intelligent: “I’m quite illiterate, but I read a lot.”
Holden’s funny: “All morons hate it when you call them a moron.”
He wants to be loved: “What really knocks me out is a book that, when you’re all done reading it, you wish the author that wrote it was a terrific friend of yours and you could call him up on the phone whenever you felt like it. That doesn’t happen much, though.”
And he’s learning to cope with the adult world: “I am always saying “Glad to’ve met you” to somebody I’m not at all glad I met. If you want to stay alive, you have to say that stuff, though.”
Plus he’s a romantic: “That’s the thing about girls. Every time they do something pretty, even if they’re not much to look at, or even if they’re sort of stupid, you fall in love with them, and then you never know where the hell you are. Girls. Jesus Christ. They can drive you crazy. They really can.”
He’s enigmatic: “I don’t exactly know what I mean by that, but I mean it.”
Self-deprecating: “I’m the most terrific liar you ever saw in your life. It’s awful. If I’m on my way to the store to buy a magazine, even, and somebody asks me where I’m going, I’m liable to say I’m going to the opera. It’s terrible.”
And there’s this quote which has us all guessing as to its meaning: “I’m standing on the edge of some crazy cliff. What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliff—I mean if they’re running and they don’t look where they’re going I have to come out from somewhere and catch them. That’s all I’d do all day. I’d just be the catcher in the rye and all.”
This dream-like image is about his late brother. He’s convinced he can somehow stop others from dying by stopping them stepping off a cliff. Holden is in mourning for Hallie, but he also feels guilt. He cannot define his feelings but instead relates his experiences and his ideas through the events of the long weekend. He doesn’t want change, he can’t concentrate on his school work, and he can’t help screwing up life in general.
He finds the world of adults filled with phonies, liars and hypocrits and spends much of his time trying to define who is a victim of which trait. Holden is inconsistent and lives in a fantasy world in which he perpetuates ideas which are unrealistic. He’s a teenager trying to come to terms with life and loss, relationships and women, the adult world and his own feelings towards it. The one thing he craves is love and understanding, something he fails to get from his parents and various adults.
If you have been a teenage angst-ridden, fucked-up, idealist-visionary, school drop-out then Holden Caulfield makes sense. I should know as I was one.

Harry Mottram

Harry Mottram in 1975 leaving home in West Lambrook in Somerset for Scotland

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Lots of really well written deaths (but hardly any sex) in epic story of farming brothers set in Wales

On the Black Hill. By Bruce Chatwin

We love a good death and Bruce Chatwin does them so well. As soon as Old Sam “had complained of ‘gatherings’ down his left side” we knew he was not long for this world. The old man puts on his best suit and patent leather pumps and after going outside into the farmyard to see the “high windy sky” for the last time goes up to his bedroom and after playing a final jig on his fiddle lies down on his quilt and dies.

Chatwin’s poetry for Old Sam’s demise (a character we admire) is in contrast to the description of grumpy, nasty and violent old git Amos’s death. But still, neatly done. The belligerent farmer and father of the twins whose story is the theme of the novel gets in the way of the horses. Merlin Evans shouts: “ ‘Watch it yer old fool!’ It was too late. Olwen had kicked. The hoof caught him under the chin, and the sparrows went on chattering.”

His economy of language and ability to neatly hop from one narrative to the next using deaths, births and sudden comings and goings as turning points takes the story of the twins Lewis and Benjamin from Victorian times to the appearance in the pub of Space Invaders in the 1980s. There’s no formal plot as such apart from the twins’ relationship and their relationships with the villagers, strangers and fellow farmers over the decades. This was the one factor missing from the novel which has so many diversions and sub-stories concerning the lives of those who live in the countryside of the Welsh-English borders. Only when a story such as the appearance of their niece Mrs Redpath or Lewis leaving home after losing his virginity or the turf war with the neighbouring farmer do the pages turn at speed. For the rest of the novel it was a leisurely wander through the Radnorshire countryside taking in the story of Kevin, Theo, Nancy and a host of others where death is just around the corner but where farmers might only have sex once in their lives.

The novel’s strength is its style. During a recruiting drive for the First World War the Colonel offers volunteers a ride in his car with his beautiful daughter. Jim the Rock jumps at the chance and as Chatwin notes this was how Jim the Rock went to war: “…for the sake of leaving home, and for a lady with moist red lips and moist hazel-coloured eyes.”

It’s other power is Chatwin’s use of the landscape, the seasons and nature to act as an ever present character, baring witness to the comings and goings, births and deaths and the march of progress in a world where change is slow. And of course the lyrical relationship between the brothers from the birth to their declining years – all charted in the landscape dominated by the black hill.

Harry Mottram

On The Black Hill is published by Picador in paperback. First published by Jonathan Cape in 1982.

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A Girl Is a Half-formed Thing. By Eimear McBride

Difficult to read, but at times breathtakingly sharp, and sometimes amusing, Eimear McBride’s bleak coming of age novel is at once refreshingly honest and darkly disturbing. She challenges the reader to concentrate on every line and every half sentence. Skipping isn’t an option.

Set in a socially conservative and repressive late 20^th century Ireland the story is written in short punchy sentences often mixing dialogue with thoughts in a stream of consciousness style and incorporating descriptions and sensual sensations such as smell and touch. The story moves from the unnamed writer’s childhood through to her teens and onto early adulthood changing its language to more finished prose but still retaining the angry visceral sentences that constantly jar and sometimes shock.

In one sense it’s the archetypal Irish novel in the runny nosed, alcoholic, backward, poverty handicapped, sexually repressed, religiously dominated Republic haunted by the characters in Edna O’Brien’s Country Girls, Frank McCourt’s Angela’s Ashes and James Joyce’s Ulysses with its priests, absence fathers and broken families.

It was at its best when at its most hormonally charged when we all flood our minds with images and words in a traffic jam of information such as this section in Chapter 4 of Part 2 when she’s at school. “And out of my throat comes a voice I don’t know that says in words my thoughts out loud. The lads in your year are fucking scum and bastards and thicko picg-ignorant culchies. What? They stick of hair gel on too thick and biactol that doesn’t even work.”

Did I enjoy it? It wasn’t an easy read and I kept wishing McBride would use more conventional description, punctuation and dialogue from time to time. Some of it was intensely powerful such as the sex scenes, when her abusive mother hit her and in particular the moments with her brother. The teen diary notes were so evocative like this when she describes a friend at the beginning of Chapter 4: “She smells like biscuits. Crisps. Old fags in her oil and in her hair. I think her knickers must stink down there. It wafts up when she crossed her legs.”

There are also sections where we hear the voices of the other characters, including her mother, the ghastly uncle, the priest and the “holy joes”. While the tenderest moments are with her brother who has suffered brain damage and eventually dies leaving her, “Your face that eyes are open wide. See the land and all above mine. Your eyes are where are. They look. When and a tinge of purple on your cheeks choke purple blue. Across your mouth. Across your lips. I see your suffocated eye. Please don’t go.”

With a rape, with violence, with bullying, and a suicide attempt it’s pretty grim stuff and although I found some of the content compulsive, in the end it was too bleak to enjoy. Full marks for originality but it was a tough read.

Harry Mottram
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Dear Life. By Alice Munro.

Subtle with a light touch and minimum of words and fully fleshed, Alice Munro’s characters appear as bit parts but leave as well drawn as people in a thousand word novel. Her short stories in at times a semi-autobiographical collection in Dear Life blow in the sharp icy winds of Canada, and fight against the suffocating social conformities of a post war priggish society. Buttoned up, churchy, and full of lopsided morals, the world the characters inhabit often sets the confines for the dramas.

To Reach Japan is a universal story of the perils and the hurts of infidelity. A woman has an affair – but has her daughter in tow who despite her young age knows what’s happening and reacts as only a child can by going missing when her mum is having a quickie – on a train. The theme of wronged or not always loved or even slightly neglected innocents reoccurs in Amundsen where precocious Mary is ignored and insulted by the charmless doctor who dumps the narrator on her wedding day.

Wronged innocents is certainly the feature of Gravel where a child feels lifelong guilt over the accidental death of a sibling while in Haven a childhood grudge dictates long held feelings into adult hood spoiling the haven of a marriage. Like slow burning fuses Munro allows the potential dynamic of childhood incidents to await an explosion late in life – sometimes more of a pop than a bang – but emotionally restorative just the same. If the innocents are not wronged then they can be keen observers of the foibles, hypocrisies and shortcomings of the grown-ups as in Haven, a story of a sibling grudge carried through to middle-age but born out of a perceived childhood injustice.

We all carry the rights and wrongs meted out to us in our formative years, and will regale without prompting how our mother did or didn’t do this or that, or a brother who borrowed without asking, or a teacher punishing without justice. Munro’s economy of words and ability to surprise with plot twists or just the brutal reality of events seen by a child, keep these snapshots of life in stayed, stuffy and often freezing post war Canada as sharp as the day they happened.

In the last four stories Munro reveals even more of her life with semi-autobiographical accounts of telling moments from her past. The visit to see her child-minder Sadie in her coffin is preceded by this telling exchange:

“You and Sadie talk together a lot,” my mother said.

I knew something was coming that I should watch for but didn’t know what.

“You like her, don’t you?”

I said yes.

“Well of course you do. I do too.”

I hoped that was going to be all and for a moment I thought it was.

Munro’s keen observations of how adults behave and talk to children, failing to recognise their in-built awareness of what is happened alongside their lack of understanding of the wider impact are what compels and what makes these stories universal.

Harry Mottram

Dear Life, by Alice Munro is published in paperback by Vintage. First published in 2012.

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The agony and the irony: Guy wanted to be a hero and very nearly did in Evelyn Waugh’s comic World War II triology

Sword of Honour. By Evelyn Waugh. Penguin Classics (1965)

The characters simply swagger off the page. Trimmer with his undeserved but irresistible rise through the ranks, one minute a Scottish soldier, the next a French hair dresser and then a national hero.

Tragic but sensuous Virginia in her two year’s out of date clothes from a grand couturier sitting in a hotel lounge sipping gin and surrounded by tattered copies of fashion magazines.

The doomed Apthorpe with his obsession about his thunderbox and his protracted struggle to keep it from the hands (and bottom) of Brigadier Ritchie-Hook whose only other concern is to get in a spot of biffing.

Evelyn Waugh drew on his own uneven wartime experiences to fashion the tragi-comic military career of the main character Guy Crouchback and his confused and convoluted relationship with his ex-wife Virginia. Waugh is positively cruel to his protagonist Guy, dealing him a series of rotten hands that he heroically does his best with. Trimmer trouncing him at every turn, his disaster in Dakar, and his blundering non-seduction of Virginia; plus the mishandled intervention in Croatia. It’s a miracle we won World War II. But with Crouchback’s good will and his eternal optimism somehow all the cock-ups seem worthwhile.

The trio of novels read better as three separate books but there is a more uniform structure to the combined read. Waugh’s light and ironic touch gives a chuckle to every page and some golden moments of pure comedy and pure farce.

Sword of Honour combines three volumes: Officers and Gentlemen (1952), Men at Arms (1955) and Unconditional Surrender (1961). They were published as a revised single novel in 1965.

Channel 4 made a film adaptation in 2001 of the trio of novels. It’s available on websites like Amazon for less than a pint of beer and gives a big screen gloss to the humour and period detail of the World War II story with Daniel Craig as Guy and Megan Dodds as Virginia. However if you only read 20 pages anywhere in the novel you’ll be rewarded with Waugh’s beautiful and always ironic prose.

Harry Mottram. Five stars

Below is the trailer to the Channel 4 series:

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The Rosie Project. By Graeme Simsion

A kind of coming-of-age story for forty-year-old male virgins

It’s an old adage: don’t look for love, let love find you. It’s the underlying truth behind the success of former IT consultant Graeme Simsion’s debut novel The Rosie Project.

The self-confessed geek has also stuck to that equally old piece of advice: write about what you know. In an interview with Mark Lawson on BBC Radio 4’s Front Row programme, Simsion said he had based the character of Don (the main protagonist) on men he worked with. He said they made lists, judged women in unrealistic ways and were emotionally and socially challenged. And there lies the humour.

The unlikely object of Don’s desire is the complete anti-thesis of his mission. In fact he writes her off immediately as being unsuitable. For Rosie is the opposite of what he wants. She is open, demonstrative, swears, is a smoker, a barmaid, a non-list maker and emotionally spontaneous.

Geneticist Don is a premier division nerd who treats the dating of women and the search for a life-long partner in the way a Which Guide ascertains the qualities of the perfect washing machine. His list of what is desirable is as unrealistic as that of most men’s criteria of what they see as the perfect woman. It’s a fantasy. Except for one thing: most men don’t write down their requirements, and then hand them out to prospective girlfriends in the form of a survey. How much do they weigh, what qualifications do they have, and are they fertile?

The novel’s construction is classical in its adherence to the principals of Pride and Prejudice. Boy meets girl. Boy rejects girl. Boy then finds girl attractive. Girl rejects boy. Girl finds boy attractive. Complex sub-plots and a mutual mission in life: Don helps Rosie discover her real father.

We know what is going to happen or the book would be called The Rosie Project Aborted. But it’s the constant humour and clash of ideas and opinions which create numerous laugh-out-loud moments. It locks into the basic truth that men and women come from different planets. Some of the funniest moments come from Don’s misunderstandings of what is happening. Written in the first person we see the world through Don’s eyes and quickly see what he doesn’t see.

Beautifully paced, it’s a page turner from the start as we witness the evolution of Don’s character, in a kind of coming-of-age story for forty-year-old male virgins. A love story furnished with smelly trainers, frozen lobsters and lots and lots of lists.

Harry Mottram

What the book club members thought:

The novel was given a thumbs up from everyone with only one reader saying he thought the novel was “formulaic”. It was generally thought a comic novel with its setting not particularly Australian but rather Western academia with the main aspect the disconnect between male and female thinking.

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American Jazz Age novel

Tender is the Night. F Scott Fitzgerald. (Original 1934 version.)

Rosemary fancies Dick, Dick loves Nicole, Nicole’s got the hots for Tommy, Tommy fights Albert, and Albert’s wife is a stupid snob. With his neat descriptions of people and places and an ability to give a subtle sense of emotion amid the changing relationships of a group of high fliers, F Scott Fitzgerald’s Tender Is The Night paints a vivid picture of enmeshed life amongst the wealthy fast set. Their paths are interwoven with a shifting viewpoint – sometimes it’s the author and sometimes we see the world through the eyes of the main characters. So entangled are the relationships it is not immediately obvious who the story is really about at first. It reflects the author’s own unsettled life with his schizophrenic wife Zelda, his restlessness, his financial worries and his addiction to alcohol partly portrayed through the life of Dr Richard Diver and Nichole Warren. Dick is initially the main protagonist but Dick’s role dissolves into anonymity as the story unfolds and we follow the unfolding development of Nicole’s character as she emerges from her traumatic childhood of her mother’s early death and her father’s incestuous relationship with her.

The novel charts the shifting balance in Dick and Nicole’s relationship over the course of several years beginning in the period of the Great War to the late 1920s. Initially Dick acts as Nicole Warren’s psychiatrist – but by the end the patient appears to be the more confident personality shaking off the legacy of her damaged childhood.

The original novel published in 1934 lays out the narrative in three books, beginning in the middle of the story with the vibrant social life of the Divers in France seen through the eyes of actress Rosemary – and then flips back a decade to when Dick met Nicole. The final book in both versions continues the story following the trajectory of the lives of the characters towards the early 1930s as crash and burn or live and thrive.

Is it an easy read? Well, there’s no strong plot line which grips you from the off – you simply follow the impressions of the lives of those involved in a timeless world of the privileged. It’s a posh place where part of the attraction of the setting is the setting. Luxury, money and privilege – and yet the characters are no more complex than you and me. It’s a bright colour photo of a novel of the Jazz era written by someone who was there.

Descriptions imprint themselves on the reader. This is the conventionally romantic description of the attraction of Dick Diver for Rosemary: “His voice, with some faint Irish melody running through it, wooed the world…” While Nicole’s shopping trip moves to a social and political comment on consumerism: “Nicole was the product of much ingenuity and toil. For her sake trains began their run at Chicago and traversed the round belly of the continent to California, chicle factories fumed and link belts grew link by link in factories; men mixed toothpaste in vats and drew mouthwadh out of copper hogsheads; girls canned tomatoes in August or rudely at the Five-and-Tens on Christmas Eve.”

There are the descriptions of nature merged with the feelings of the characters: “…she returned to the road of arched pines and the atmosphere changed – with a squirrel’s flight on a branch, a wind nudging the leaves, a cock splitting distant air, with a creep of sunlight transpiring through the immobility, then the voice of the beach receded – Nicole relaxed and felt new and happy…”

And then there are just the descriptions that ignite the reader’s imagination: “In the Square, as they came out, a suspended mass of gasoline exhaust cooked slowly in the July sun.”

It’s a satire of life for the idol and the not so idol rich in post World War One Europe. It’s a critique of consumerism, of class, of social structures and of behaviour in a moral vacuum. It’s a story of people behaving badly – because they can – in a world not yet ready for the obscenities of the Nazis and of the Second World War. But at its heart is the story of Nicole as she shakes off the sexual abuse of her father and emerges as an adult with the help of her one-time partner Dick Diver.

Poor old Dick – he had it all and threw it all away.

Harry Mottram

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Sun 7 July. Book Club: Our take on Africa’s “greatest novel” – Things Fall Apart

Things Fall Apart. By Chinua Achebe.

For the first few pages I was slightly mystified by Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart. Was this a Utopian view of Africa before it was corrupted by colonialism written in a simplistic yet affective style in the mode of Abdulrazak Gurnah’s Paradise – a narrative describing how tribal life was subverted by Imperialism – or a love letter to a lost bucolic paradise populated by the children of Eden as in Camara Laye’s 1953 autobiography, The Dark Child?

Achebe’s story of protagonist Ibo strong man Okonkwo is a classic tragedy of the rise and fall of a powerful but flawed character in the tradition of Brutus in Shakespeare’s Julius Ceasar or even Eddie Carbone in Arthur Miller’s A View From The Bridge. The economically written story is not an African novel – it’s written in English by an English educated African writer who uses the cadences of West African Ibo speech and traditions of Nigerian storytelling to convey the story of a last days of a an archaic tribal society. Indeed according to Achebe the natural language of the tribes in question does not translate easily and so much of the tone of their language would be lost. It’s a neatly plotted novel with an upside and a downside – the pivotal point being Okonkwo’s banishment for accidently killing a young boy at a tribal celebration. It is a partly a morality story and partly a story of Africa’s recent past.

Told in a simplistic but lyrical third person narrative the story follows the warrior Okonkwo who personifies many of the good and much of the negative side of this culture. He is positive, hardworking and loyal to the tribal traditions of his clan. And yet he is intolerant, misogynistic and blind to society’s changes. Wives are seen as status symbols, twins to be killed, hostages to be murdered, children as economic resources and the tribe’s traditions and religious as to be upheld at all costs. In that he is at one with all tribal societies (including our own) in history. With a chip on his shoulder caused by his lazy and disappointing father Unoka, Okonkwo is determined to become top man in his West African village of Umuofia. He has “a brusqueness in dealing with less successful men” and is burdened with a son Nwoye who he sees as a personification of his father and who later betrays him in his eyes by becoming a Christian convert.

Tribal life

Achebe keeps the story of the rise and fall of a tribal leader set against the rise and rise of colonialism in African in proportion. Traditional tribal life is a male dominated demi democracy based on a consensus of tribal elders who dispense justice, uphold the laws of the land and maintain the status quo. This last aspect is inevitably the tribe’s downfall as the arrival of the white man, his religion and laws heralds a dramatic change in their world.

Failure to communicate and to understand differing points of view and ideas is at the core of the story. Okonkwo can’t understand his son who he sees as soft and feminine. He rejects the arrival of the white man and his religion of Christianity and he cannot come to terms with anything he considers to be unmanly. He is signed up to his tribe’s values however wrong they seem to us. He is complicit in the murder of the captured slave Ikemefuna because “he was afraid of being thought weak,” even though the boy sees him as a father.

The white intruders fail to understand the democratic nature of the tribes they encounter and reject all their religious traditions rendering the ruling structure of the tribes redundant.

It’s a brutal yet refreshingly honest portrayal of how aboriginal tribes are overcome by new superior civilisations – from the American Indians to the Ancient Britons the story is much the same. And one of seeds of an older and archaic society’s demise is the willingness of some of its rejected members to see the advantages of siding with the new force. His son Nwoye and the efulefu (or rejected men) sign up to Mr Brown’s Christianised and Europeanised vision of their future. They see it as the future – just as Protestants rejected Roman Catholism in the 17^th century in some European nations – the new religion was seen as a loosening of social ties and an opening up of the economy by overthrowing the old order.

Mesmerising stories

In a series of mesmerising and vidid stories we also learn about the extraordinary world of the people of Umofia in south eastern Nigeria in the 1890s. There’s the masked Gods in village ceremonies, the feasts, the marriage ceremonies, the yam harvest, the death cult, the sacred python and stories which constantly link the natural world with the living world and with the world of the living with the world of the dead.

Published in 1958 the novel is considered to be one of the best narratives of modern Africa due to its honest portrayal of the dramatic change from the high status of independent tribal society to colonial subservient. It portrays the struggle of change and of those who wish to keep things as they are, of the strength of communities, of the overbearing status of masculine dominated society, of the importance of tradition and of the need to understand those with differing views and cultures. But it also falls into the style of the Western novel. In terms of the construction there’s an inevitability in the eventual demise of the central character akin to the priest in Graham Greene’s The Power and the Glory or Evelyn Waugh’s Paul Pennyfeather in Decline and Fall. But first the protagonist must be set a sequence of events to test his metal and to open a window into his world

Thus each step of Okonkwo’s story is sketched with great skill to reveal more about his personality and to balance the narrative with aspects of life and culture in West Africa. We learn about the importance of growing yams and how Okonkwo values the crop and of growing them successfully in the difficult climate when the rains may be delayed. And we also discover more about Okonkwo’s personality – his deplorable attitude to his wives – he beats regularly and even takes a gun to his wife Ojiugo for a misdemeanour during the so-called week of peace.

Men and youths fight
There is the wrestling match in chapter six on the ilo – a sort of arena cleared for sporting occasions in the village – where we discover the warrior core at the heart of village life. Men and youths fight to reveal their masculinity and dominance within the clan “their muscles on their arms and thighs and on their backs stood out and twitched” which also provided mass entertainment as it does in all cultures: “…the really exciting moments were when a man was thrown. The huge voice of the crowd then rose to the sky…

If his acts of violence towards his children and his wives is bad we see the extremes of his violence in his role as executioner of the hostage Ikemefuna. Despite a guarded warning from Ogbuefi Ezeudu – a village elder he should not be involved in the crime – he still persists in the murder – despite his affection for the boy. He dislikes his oldest son Nwoye who he feels is womanly and even worse lazy like his grandfather Unoka – and of course his son is one of the first to transfer his loyalties to the missionaries.

His softer side is revealed through his affection for the hostage Ikemefuna who (symbolically) is more like his idea of a man – and for his daughter Ezinma – who understands him and supports him after his return from exile despite his inability to see how his clan has changed. She is in some ways the son he wished he had had – and admits he wishes Ezinma was a man. Ezinma is the only person who brings out Okonkwo’s more personal side due to her understanding of his persona.

Encroaching white colonials

We see two sides of the encroaching missionaries and white colonists through the characters of Mr Brown and the Reverend James Smith and later The District Commissioner. Mr Brown reasons with the tribes and opens a dialogue with the natives – but is seen as a fool and as weak by most of them. He successfully recruits converts through this more enlightened policy but when he dies it is the uncompromising side of white rule which takes hold.

Again Achebe gives a balanced feel to the story of colonialism – demonstrating the mutual incompatibility of two contrasting cultures. This failure of dialogue and of understanding is at the heart of the story when by the end things really do fall apart.

Harry Mottram

Notes:

Things Fall Apart is an English-language novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe (1930-2013) published in 1958. Wikipedia says “It is a staple book in schools throughout Africa and widely read and studied in English-speaking countries around the world.”

It is published in paperback by Penguin. BBC Sounds features the book here: https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00bw51n

There is an obituary at https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/mar/22/chinua-achebe

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Sun 2 June. Book Club: Our take on the Howard Jacobson’s Jewish comedy novel

The Finkler Question. By Howard Jacobson.

There’s a scene in Woody Allen’s Annie Hall when he appears to show a sort of paranoia about being a Jew. Everywhere he goes he’s convinced people are picking on him as one the Children of Israel. It’s kind of funny – and is the same theme used as the thread to link together the characters in The Finkler Question. We join Julian Treslove’s journey into the world of Jewishness through a plate glass window and bloodied nose when he’s assaulted after a night out. A half heard comment by the female mugger “you ju” stirs Howard Jacobson’s mild mannered protagonist into searching for the Jewishness in himself via his Jewish friends – that despite the fact he’s not kosher himself. The friends: Sam Finkler and Libor Sevcik provide the other two main characters along with their (now dead) wives Tyler and Malkie and Julian’s estranged wives and two sons.

Essentially the comic novel is a triangular series of thoughts and conversations between Julian and the other characters as he tries to convince himself of his potential Jewishness. It’s set partly in the present and recent past – as well as a number of memory flashbacks that seek to enlighten Julian’s identity crisis. It’s very funny in places with lots of brilliant punchlines and lots of comic insights into Judaism. Every aspect of the religion is turned over from circumcision, the place of rabbis, Jewish mothers and of course Israel and the debate about the conduct of the country founded after the Holocaust. It’s a sort of everything-you-wanted-to-know-about-Jews but were afraid to ask sort of book.

The structure aside the novel is also Howard Jacobson’s way to examine the lives of the trio of men in the story and how they relate to each other. Their friendship, their loves, families, self-examination, their betrayal and kinship. It’s gentle, chuckle inducing and an insight into metro-jewish life.

Published in 2010 the novel won the Man Booker prize that year and is available in paperback and hardback at all good book shops or online.

Harry Mottram